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Article

Factors Associated with IgG/IgM Levels after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer

by
Wei Liao
1,2,†,
Haoyu Liang
1,3,†,
Yujian Liang
4,
Xianlu Gao
1,5,
Guichan Liao
6,
Shaohang Cai
6,*,
Lili Liu
1,3 and
Shuwei Chen
1,5,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
2
Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
3
Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
4
Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou 510060, China
5
Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
6
Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9(10), 234; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9100234
Submission received: 12 August 2024 / Revised: 16 September 2024 / Accepted: 26 September 2024 / Published: 8 October 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control)
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Abstract

This study evaluated the factors influencing IgG/IgM antibody levels in 120 patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) following vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Each patient’s demographic and clinical data were documented, and serum IgG and IgM antibodies were detected using a commercial magnetic chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay kit. The results indicated that while all patients had received at least one vaccine dose, 95 tested positive for IgG and 25 were negative. A higher proportion of IgG-positive patients had received three vaccine doses. Comparatively, gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were elevated in IgM-negative patients. The study further differentiated patients based on their treatment status: 46 were treatment-naive and 74 had received chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICT) at enrollment. Despite similar baseline characteristics and time from vaccination to antibody detection, IgM positivity was significantly lower in the ICT group, with no significant difference in IgG positivity between the treatment-naive and ICT groups. A multivariable analysis identified the number of vaccine doses as an independent factor of IgG positivity, while ICT emerged as an independent risk factor for IgM positivity. Additionally, IgG titers generally declined over time, although patients with higher baseline IgG levels maintained higher titers longer. In conclusion, ICT in patients with HNC does not significantly affect IgG levels post-vaccination. However, booster vaccinations have been shown to be associated with higher IgG positivity, although these levels gradually decrease over time.
Keywords: immunochemotherapy; IgG/IgM; head and neck cancer; SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; COVID-19 immunochemotherapy; IgG/IgM; head and neck cancer; SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; COVID-19

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Liao, W.; Liang, H.; Liang, Y.; Gao, X.; Liao, G.; Cai, S.; Liu, L.; Chen, S. Factors Associated with IgG/IgM Levels after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9, 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9100234

AMA Style

Liao W, Liang H, Liang Y, Gao X, Liao G, Cai S, Liu L, Chen S. Factors Associated with IgG/IgM Levels after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2024; 9(10):234. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9100234

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liao, Wei, Haoyu Liang, Yujian Liang, Xianlu Gao, Guichan Liao, Shaohang Cai, Lili Liu, and Shuwei Chen. 2024. "Factors Associated with IgG/IgM Levels after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 9, no. 10: 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9100234

APA Style

Liao, W., Liang, H., Liang, Y., Gao, X., Liao, G., Cai, S., Liu, L., & Chen, S. (2024). Factors Associated with IgG/IgM Levels after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 9(10), 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9100234

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