Analyzing Wind Effects on Long-Span Bridges: A Viable Numerical Modelling Methodology Using OpenFOAM for Industrial Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Modelling Assumptions
3. Geometry Development
4. Creating the Mesh
5. Boundary Conditions
6. Discretization of the Equations—fvSchemes
7. Solving Algorithms—fvSolution
8. Parallel Configurations—decomposeParDict
9. Mesh Sensitivity Study
10. Post Processing
10.1. Aerodynamic Force Coefficients
10.2. Visualization
11. Validation of the Methodology
12. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patch Name | Parameter | Type of Condition in OpenFOAM | Value | Unit |
---|---|---|---|---|
Inlet | U | fixedValue | P1 | m/s |
p | zeroGradient | - | m2/s | |
k | fixedValue | P2 | m2/s | |
ω | fixedValue | P3 | s−1 | |
νt | calculated | - | m2/s | |
Outlet | U | inletOutlet | - | m/s |
p | fixedValue | 0 | m2/s2 | |
k | inletOutlet | - | m2/s2 | |
ω | inletOutlet | - | s−1 | |
νt | calculated | - | m2/s | |
Side walls | U | noSlip | 0 | m/s |
p | zeroGradient | - | m2/s2 | |
k | kqRWallFunction | - | m2/s2 | |
ω | omegaWallFunction | - | s−1 | |
νt | nutkWallFunction | - | m2/s | |
Bridge | U | noSlip | 0 | m/s |
p | zeroGradient | - | m2/s2 | |
k | fixedValue | 1 × 10− | m2/s2 | |
ω | omegaWallFunction | - | s−1 | |
νt | nutLowReWallFunction | - | m2/s |
Number of CPU Cores | Wall-Clock Time (in h) | Speed-Up | Cells Per CPU Core |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 965.28 (estimated) | - | 33,189,094 |
16 | 60.33 | 16 | 1,937,500 |
32 | 35.88 | 26.903 | 968,750 |
64 | 16.31 | 59.172 | 484,375 |
128 | 7.84 | 123.023 | 242,188 |
256 | 3.61 | 267.175 | 121,094 |
Configurations | Coarse Mesh | Medium Mesh | Fine Mesh | Finer Mesh |
---|---|---|---|---|
−10° | 1,962,324 | 14,607,636 | 33,242,170 | 85,922,392 |
0° | 1,973,227 | 14,575,020 | 33,189,094 | 86,008,513 |
10° | 1,972,355 | 14,608,860 | 33,227,289 | 86,441,092 |
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Zhang, Y.; MacReamoinn, R.; Cardiff, P.; Keenahan, J. Analyzing Wind Effects on Long-Span Bridges: A Viable Numerical Modelling Methodology Using OpenFOAM for Industrial Applications. Infrastructures 2023, 8, 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures8090130
Zhang Y, MacReamoinn R, Cardiff P, Keenahan J. Analyzing Wind Effects on Long-Span Bridges: A Viable Numerical Modelling Methodology Using OpenFOAM for Industrial Applications. Infrastructures. 2023; 8(9):130. https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures8090130
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yuxiang, Reamonn MacReamoinn, Philip Cardiff, and Jennifer Keenahan. 2023. "Analyzing Wind Effects on Long-Span Bridges: A Viable Numerical Modelling Methodology Using OpenFOAM for Industrial Applications" Infrastructures 8, no. 9: 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures8090130