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Sexes, Volume 5, Issue 2 (June 2024) – 8 articles

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15 pages, 1627 KiB  
Article
Attitudes towards Homosexuality in Europe: Analysis of the European Values Study
by María Silvestre Cabrera, Raquel Royo Prieto and Iratxe Aristegui Fradua
Sexes 2024, 5(2), 148-162; https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes5020011 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1101
Abstract
The aim of the article is to determine which countries show the most homophobic attitudes and understand the profile of homophobia in Europe. This article analyses data from the survey “European Values Study” and focuses on three of its questions: “Do you think [...] Read more.
The aim of the article is to determine which countries show the most homophobic attitudes and understand the profile of homophobia in Europe. This article analyses data from the survey “European Values Study” and focuses on three of its questions: “Do you think homosexual people can be good parents”; “the degree of justification of homosexuality”, and “the attitude towards the possibility of having a homosexual neighbour”. For this, we have used a quantitative methodology (mean comparison analysis and multiple correspondences. The sample consists of 56,451 people from 34 European countries. One of the main conclusions is that homophobic attitudes are highest in the eastern countries, former Soviet republics, and, on the contrary, residents in Nordic countries have more inclusive attitudes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sexual Behavior and Attitudes)
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28 pages, 856 KiB  
Review
Review and Critique of the Quantitative Literature Regarding Attitudes toward Consensual Non-Monogamy (CNM)
by B. J. Rye
Sexes 2024, 5(2), 120-147; https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes5020010 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1139
Abstract
This paper is a review of the recent literature on attitudes toward consensual non-monogamy (CNM). These attitudes are constrained to evaluations of people who practice CNM, CNM relationships, and CNM concepts; willingness to engage in or personal interest in practicing CNM is not [...] Read more.
This paper is a review of the recent literature on attitudes toward consensual non-monogamy (CNM). These attitudes are constrained to evaluations of people who practice CNM, CNM relationships, and CNM concepts; willingness to engage in or personal interest in practicing CNM is not included in this review. Relevant published research was located through database searches, as well as by perusing references and citations. Based on over two dozen investigations, it is concluded that average attitudes toward CNM are around neutral, with some slightly negative and some slightly positive. Studies taking a comparative perspective—whereby monogamous couples are pitted against CNM couples—overwhelmingly find more favorable attitudes toward monogamy. This literature supports assertions of the prevalence of monocentrism/compulsory monogamy. Further, some researchers investigated sociodemographic and psychological variables as predictors of CNM attitudes. Considering demographic characteristics, those who identify as monogamous and heterosexual tend to be more negative toward CNM relative to their counterparts, and most of the research suggests there are no gender differences in CNM attitudes. In terms of psychological variables, those reflecting authoritarian ideological values tended to predict CNM attitudes the best. The psychological variables are interpreted within the broader dual-process motivational model of prejudice with attention to authoritarianism and social dominance. To conclude, measurement issues are discussed, existing instruments are critiqued, and recommendations are made for which instruments are appropriate for different research goals. Specifically, the Attitudes towards Polyamory scale is a concise, unidimensional instrument with sound psychometric properties, making it a good general assessment of polyamory or CNM. Created using excellent test construction techniques, the Multidimensional Measurement of Attitudes toward Consensual Non-Monogamy (MACS) is a very promising belief-based CNM attitudes scale with three factors. Finally, directions for future research are discussed with an emphasis on differentiating between beliefs and attitudes as suggested by attitude theory, with most CNM attitude scales conflating the former with the latter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sexual Behavior and Attitudes)
9 pages, 191 KiB  
Article
Ace and Poly: The Motivations and Experiences of People on the Ace Spectrum in Polyamorous Relationships
by Jessica J. Hille, Lucy Bhuyan and Heather Tillewein
Sexes 2024, 5(2), 111-119; https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes5020009 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1131
Abstract
While the past two decades have seen an increase in research into both asexuality and polyamory, little is known about their intersection, that is, people who identify as asexual and engage in polyamorous relationships. Using an online survey, we explored the experiences of [...] Read more.
While the past two decades have seen an increase in research into both asexuality and polyamory, little is known about their intersection, that is, people who identify as asexual and engage in polyamorous relationships. Using an online survey, we explored the experiences of participants who identify as asexual or on the ace spectrum (e.g., demisexual, gray-asexual) and were in a polyamorous relationship at the time of the survey (N = 321). The majority of our participants identified as White (79.02%), a plurality identified as women (27.1%), and ages ranged from 18 to 53 years old (M = 29.55, SD = 6.77). Two qualitative questions related to motivations for engaging in polyamory were analyzed for this study (N = 224). The first question asked about personal motivations, and the second asked about partner(s)’s influence. Eight codes emerged across the two questions: Needs fulfillment, Exploration/contemplation, Solution to relationship conflict/personal insecurity, a Desire to connect with multiple people, Personal/relationship growth, Rejecting monogamy, Introduced by partner, and Other/no additional context. One additional code was found in Q2: Reluctance/jealousy/distrust. The most common code overall was Exploration/contemplation. Our findings indicate that fulfilling a partner’s sexual needs was not a primary motivating factor for ace individuals engaged in polyamory. Ace individuals were more likely to describe experiences as exploring their identity and fulfilling personal needs for connection and intimacy. These findings indicate that motivations for engaging in polyamory are not solely centered in fulfilling sexual desires, and they may have larger implications for the what the scope of romantic and sexual relationships can look at outside of a monogamous and heteronormative context. Full article
10 pages, 208 KiB  
Article
The Relationship between Adult Attachment Style and Perceived Knowledge of Partner Sex History among University Students
by Victoria Martins Mendonca, Jennifer Lasenby-Lessard and Adam Davies
Sexes 2024, 5(2), 101-110; https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes5020008 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 952
Abstract
Research has extensively studied adult attachment theory, a fundamental psychological framework, particularly regarding its implications for adult attachment and sexual dynamics. The previous literature has established relationships between adult attachment and various sexual behaviours as well as communication patterns. Specifically, individuals with secure [...] Read more.
Research has extensively studied adult attachment theory, a fundamental psychological framework, particularly regarding its implications for adult attachment and sexual dynamics. The previous literature has established relationships between adult attachment and various sexual behaviours as well as communication patterns. Specifically, individuals with secure attachment styles typically engage in open communication and cautious sexual behaviours, whereas individuals with anxious or avoidant attachment styles exhibit less sexual communication and engage in riskier sexual activities. That said, limited research has explored the relationship between adult attachment style and perceived knowledge regarding partner sex history. This study aimed to fill this gap by investigating how adult attachment style relates to perceived knowledge about partner sexual experiences. A sample of 237 undergraduate students completed surveys assessing attachment style and their perceived awareness of their partner’s sexual past. Attachment style was evaluated using the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) and perceived knowledge was measured using the Partner Sexual History Scale (PSHS). The results indicated a significant correlation between adult attachment style and perceived knowledge of a partner’s sexual history. Specifically, individuals with secure and avoidant attachment styles demonstrated greater perceived awareness of their partner’s sexual experiences compared to those with an anxious attachment style. This research contributes to our comprehension of the complex interplay among adult attachment, sexual knowledge, sexual communication, and relationship dynamics in young adult populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sexual Behavior and Attitudes)
16 pages, 447 KiB  
Article
Sexual Compulsivity and Gender Stereotypes in Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Cross-Sectional Study in Spain
by Eduardo Ibáñez-Tomás and Ángel Gasch-Gallén
Sexes 2024, 5(2), 85-100; https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes5020007 - 5 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1045
Abstract
Men who have sex with men are at increased risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections. Although behavioral and contextual interventions have improved, infections are still spreading. A new focus is needed regarding the influence of sexual compulsivity and gender self-identification. The objective was [...] Read more.
Men who have sex with men are at increased risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections. Although behavioral and contextual interventions have improved, infections are still spreading. A new focus is needed regarding the influence of sexual compulsivity and gender self-identification. The objective was to explore the relationship between SC and gender stereotype self-identification in MSM in Spain. A cross-sectional study based on an anonymous online survey of a sample of 881 MSM in Spain was performed. A validated Sexual Compulsivity Scale was applied as well as the Bem Sex Role Inventory to identify gender stereotype self-identification. A total of 87.5% of participants identified as gay, while 106 (12%) were sexually compulsive. The Bem Sex Role Inventory showed excellent reliability (0.92 Cronbach’s alpha). Gender stereotype classification showed the undifferentiated category as predominant (n = 325; 36.9%). The androgynous category had higher scores on the Sexual Compulsivity Scale, while the feminine category had lower scores (p < 0.007). Those identifying as androgynous scored higher overall on the Sexual Compulsivity Scale (15; p < 0.001; [12–20]) and subscales (“Interference of sexual behavior” (5; p < 0.001; [4–7]) and “Failure to control sexual impulses” (9; p = 0.014; [7–12])). Education level, cohabitation, sexual role, and unprotected sexual practices are related to sexual compulsivity according to different gender stereotypes. Sexual compulsivity is related to gender stereotype self-identification in men who have sex with men. Specific sociodemographic, behavior, and sexual profiles exist for those at greater risk of sexually transmitted infection dissemination. The undifferentiated category is at greater risk of engaging in unprotected practices. New avenues of prevention that include these findings could shift heteronormative standards to better understand current trends in the sexual health of men who have sex with men. Full article
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14 pages, 247 KiB  
Review
Theorizing Interpersonal and Technological Dimensions of Privacy in the Exchange of Sexual Communication
by Kathryn D. Coduto
Sexes 2024, 5(2), 71-84; https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes5020006 - 9 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 784
Abstract
As technology continues to evolve, so too do privacy concerns individuals have about technology. This is especially true when individuals share highly sensitive, personal content through technology. When individuals sext, they are sharing sexually explicit messages, photos, and videos with another person. Two [...] Read more.
As technology continues to evolve, so too do privacy concerns individuals have about technology. This is especially true when individuals share highly sensitive, personal content through technology. When individuals sext, they are sharing sexually explicit messages, photos, and videos with another person. Two theories are interrogated in how they may apply to sexting and privacy: communication privacy management theory and privacy calculus. Utilizing these theories, privacy is highlighted in this article as a negotiation process between partners and technologies. Individuals must consider who they share material with and the channels they use, and these theories can help in developing a better understanding of these processes. Sexting can be a positive influence on adults’ romantic relationships, whether serious or casual; yet, they need to be able to engage in these behaviors in ways that encourage trust both interpersonally and with their technology. Full article
13 pages, 223 KiB  
Article
How Italians Transgress: A Survey on Rough Sexual Behaviors in a Sample of Italians
by Luca Daminato, Greta Riboli, Mattia Nese, Gianni Brighetti, Daniel Giunti and Rosita Borlimi
Sexes 2024, 5(2), 58-70; https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes5020005 - 25 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1949
Abstract
Surveys of the Italian population typically assess general sexual behaviors (e.g., oral, vaginal and anal intercourse). However, little is known about other sexual behavior such as rough sexual behaviors, choking and slapping. Thus, an online cross-sectional survey of 4618 Italian participants was conducted. [...] Read more.
Surveys of the Italian population typically assess general sexual behaviors (e.g., oral, vaginal and anal intercourse). However, little is known about other sexual behavior such as rough sexual behaviors, choking and slapping. Thus, an online cross-sectional survey of 4618 Italian participants was conducted. In the past month, the most prevalent sexual behaviors were solo masturbation (93.6%), partner masturbation (80.0%), oral sex (71.4% received, 75.9% performed), penile–vaginal intercourse (75.7%) and anal intercourse (12.5% received, 7.1% performed). Regarding rough sexual behaviors, the most common behaviors performed were spanking (23.3% received, 55.5% performed), choking (13.2% receive, 60.0% performed), slapping (30.1% received, 20.9% performed) and name calling (44.5% received, 37.0% performed). Our results suggest a gender difference where men and transgender/non-binary individuals perform more rough sexual behaviors compared to women. Moreover, regarding the role of consent in behaviors such as choking and slapping, our results highlight the importance of sexual and affective education to implement sexual assertiveness. In conclusion, this study adds knowledge to the limited literature on this topic, especially with respect to the Italian population. Full article
12 pages, 481 KiB  
Article
Comparing Attitudes toward Sexual Consent between Japan and Canada
by Tomoya Mukai, Chantal Pioch, Masahiro Sadamura, Karin Tozuka, Yui Fukushima and Ikuo Aizawa
Sexes 2024, 5(2), 46-57; https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes5020004 - 27 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1377
Abstract
Japanese and Canadian laws regarding sexual assault vary in the degree to which they incorporate the concept of sexual consent, with Japanese law being less consent-oriented than Canadian law. Although the Japanese law has incorporated the concept of sexual consent in the 2023 [...] Read more.
Japanese and Canadian laws regarding sexual assault vary in the degree to which they incorporate the concept of sexual consent, with Japanese law being less consent-oriented than Canadian law. Although the Japanese law has incorporated the concept of sexual consent in the 2023 amendment, the public understanding of the concept is still limited. Reflecting such difference, it could be expected that the general public in both countries also differ in their perceptions and attitudes regarding punishment of sexual crime and sexual consent. The present study aimed to test these expectations and further examine the mediational mechanism that explains the national difference between Japan and Canada. The data from 1125 Japanese and 1125 Canadian respondents showed that Japanese respondents were less likely to perceive the imposition of punishment on an alleged perpetrator described in scenarios as appropriate. In contrast, the difference in the perceived victim’s consent was significant only in three out of seven scenarios. The relation between nations (Japan vs. Canada) and perceived appropriateness of punishment was mediated by the perceived victim’s consent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sexual Behavior and Attitudes)
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