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Article

RF Characterization and Beam Measurements with Additively Manufactured Fast Faraday Cups

by
Stephan Klaproth
1,2,*,†,
Rahul Singh
3,†,
Samira Gruber
4,
Lukas Stepien
4,
Herbert De Gersem
2 and
Andreas Penirschke
1
1
Informationstechnik-Elektrotechnik-Mechatronik (IEM), Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, 61169 Friedberg, Germany
2
Institute for Accelerator Science and Electromagnetic Fields (TEMF), Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
3
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
4
Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoff- und Strahltechnik (IWS), 01277 Dresden, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Instruments 2025, 9(4), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments9040032
Submission received: 6 August 2025 / Revised: 11 November 2025 / Accepted: 14 November 2025 / Published: 28 November 2025
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Abstract

The early stages of most particle accelerator chains produce sub-ns bunches with velocities in the range of 1% to 20% of the speed of light. Fast Faraday Cups (FFCs) are designed to measure the longitudinal charge distribution of these short bunches of free charges. Coaxial designs have been utilized at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research (GSI)’s linear accelerator UNILAC to characterize ion bunches with bunch lengths ranging from a few hundred ps to a few ns. The typical design goals are to avoid the pre-field of the charges and to suppress secondary electron emission (SEE) while preserving the capability of bunch-by-bunch measurements. This contribution presents a novel FFC design manufactured using additive manufacturing, e.g., laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), and compares it with a traditionally produced FFC. The article highlights the design process, RF characterization, and selected measurements with ion beam carried out at GSI.
Keywords: Fast Faraday Cups; beam diagnostics; additive manufacturing; bunch shape; longitudinal emittance Fast Faraday Cups; beam diagnostics; additive manufacturing; bunch shape; longitudinal emittance

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MDPI and ACS Style

Klaproth, S.; Singh, R.; Gruber, S.; Stepien, L.; De Gersem, H.; Penirschke, A. RF Characterization and Beam Measurements with Additively Manufactured Fast Faraday Cups. Instruments 2025, 9, 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments9040032

AMA Style

Klaproth S, Singh R, Gruber S, Stepien L, De Gersem H, Penirschke A. RF Characterization and Beam Measurements with Additively Manufactured Fast Faraday Cups. Instruments. 2025; 9(4):32. https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments9040032

Chicago/Turabian Style

Klaproth, Stephan, Rahul Singh, Samira Gruber, Lukas Stepien, Herbert De Gersem, and Andreas Penirschke. 2025. "RF Characterization and Beam Measurements with Additively Manufactured Fast Faraday Cups" Instruments 9, no. 4: 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments9040032

APA Style

Klaproth, S., Singh, R., Gruber, S., Stepien, L., De Gersem, H., & Penirschke, A. (2025). RF Characterization and Beam Measurements with Additively Manufactured Fast Faraday Cups. Instruments, 9(4), 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments9040032

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