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Article

Measuring the Beam Energy in Proton Therapy Facilities Using ATLAS IBL Pixel Detectors

by
Isabelle Schilling
1,*,†,
Claus Maximilian Bäcker
1,2,3,4,
Christian Bäumer
1,2,3,4,5,
Carina Behrends
1,2,3,4,
Marius Hötting
1,
Jana Hohmann
1,
Kevin Kröninger
1,
Beate Timmermann
2,3,4,5,6 and
Jens Weingarten
1
1
Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
2
West German Proton Therapy Center Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), 45147 Essen, Germany
3
West German Cancer Center, 45122 Essen, Germany
4
University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
5
German Cancer Consortium, 45147 Essen, Germany
6
Clinic for Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Current address: Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
Instruments 2022, 6(4), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments6040080
Submission received: 30 September 2022 / Revised: 22 November 2022 / Accepted: 24 November 2022 / Published: 29 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Applications of Particle Physics)
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Abstract

The accurate measurement of the beam range in the frame of quality assurance (QA) is a requirement for clinical use of a proton therapy machine. Conventionally used detectors mostly estimate the range by measuring the depth dose distribution of the protons. In this paper, we use pixel detectors designed for individual particle tracking in the high-radiation environment of the ATLAS experiment at LHC. The detector measures the deposited energy in the sensor for individual protons. Due to the limited dynamic energy range of the readout chip, several ways to measure the proton energy or range are examined. A staircase phantom is placed on the detector to perform an energy calibration relative to the NIST PSTAR stopping power database. In addition, track length measurements are performed using the detector aligned parallel with the beam axis to investigate the Linear Energy Transfer (LET) per pixel along the trajectory of individual protons. In this proof-of-principle study, we show that this radiation hardness detector can successfully be used to determine the initial proton energy for protons impinging on the sensor with an energy below 44 MeV after the range shifters. It becomes clear that an improvement of the energy resolution of the readout chip is required for clinical use.
Keywords: proton therapy; quality assurance; energy measurements; dE/dx; proton tracking; hybrid silicon pixel detector proton therapy; quality assurance; energy measurements; dE/dx; proton tracking; hybrid silicon pixel detector

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MDPI and ACS Style

Schilling, I.; Bäcker, C.M.; Bäumer, C.; Behrends, C.; Hötting, M.; Hohmann, J.; Kröninger, K.; Timmermann, B.; Weingarten, J. Measuring the Beam Energy in Proton Therapy Facilities Using ATLAS IBL Pixel Detectors. Instruments 2022, 6, 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments6040080

AMA Style

Schilling I, Bäcker CM, Bäumer C, Behrends C, Hötting M, Hohmann J, Kröninger K, Timmermann B, Weingarten J. Measuring the Beam Energy in Proton Therapy Facilities Using ATLAS IBL Pixel Detectors. Instruments. 2022; 6(4):80. https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments6040080

Chicago/Turabian Style

Schilling, Isabelle, Claus Maximilian Bäcker, Christian Bäumer, Carina Behrends, Marius Hötting, Jana Hohmann, Kevin Kröninger, Beate Timmermann, and Jens Weingarten. 2022. "Measuring the Beam Energy in Proton Therapy Facilities Using ATLAS IBL Pixel Detectors" Instruments 6, no. 4: 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments6040080

APA Style

Schilling, I., Bäcker, C. M., Bäumer, C., Behrends, C., Hötting, M., Hohmann, J., Kröninger, K., Timmermann, B., & Weingarten, J. (2022). Measuring the Beam Energy in Proton Therapy Facilities Using ATLAS IBL Pixel Detectors. Instruments, 6(4), 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments6040080

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