Digestibility of Local Feed Ingredients in Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles, Determined on Faeces Collected by Siphoning or Stripping
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Chemical Composition of Ingredients and Diets
2.2. Faeces Collection Method
2.3. Digestibility of Test Ingredients
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Site
4.2. Experimental Design
4.3. Experimental Diets and Feeding
4.4. Faeces Collection
4.5. Water Quality Measurements
4.6. Calculations of Digestibility
4.7. Chemical Analysis
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test Ingredient | Ash | CP | CF | EE | Nfe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fishmeal | 223 | 650 | 2.6 | 80.7 | 43.4 |
Brewers spent yeast | 162 | 390 | 17.1 | 28.3 | 403 |
Moringa leaf | 118 | 298 | 52.2 | 38 | 493 |
Freshwater shrimp | 447 | 468 | 12.5 | 42.5 | 29.7 |
Marine shrimp | 224 | 605 | 20.9 | 70.9 | 79.2 |
Cattle blood | 40.4 | 840 | 0.4 | 46.5 | 73.3 |
Duckweed | 185 | 199 | 118 | 40.9 | 458 |
Fish frames | 460 | 352 | 7.3 | 151 | 30.3 |
Cotton cake | 87.3 | 204 | 212 | 84 | 413 |
Sunflower cake | 215 | 235 | 251 | 152 | 148 |
Maize bran | 61.1 | 124 | 58.1 | 175 | 582 |
Wheat pollard | 42.4 | 177 | 47 | 69.2 | 665 |
Diet 1 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ingredients | FMD | BSYD | MLD | FSHD | MSHD | CBD | DWD | FFD |
Fishmeal | 338 | 237 | 237 | 237 | 237 | 237 | 237 | 237 |
Brewers spent yeast | - | 299 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Moringa leaves | - | - | 299 | - | - | - | - | - |
Inland shrimp | - | - | - | 299 | - | - | - | - |
Marine shrimp | - | - | - | - | 299 | - | - | - |
Blood | - | - | - | - | - | 299 | - | - |
Duckweed | - | - | - | - | - | - | 299 | - |
Fish frames | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 299 |
Cotton cake | 159 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 |
Sunflower cake | 49.8 | 34.8 | 34.8 | 34.8 | 34.8 | 34.8 | 34.8 | 34.8 |
Maize bran | 199 | 139 | 139 | 139 | 139 | 139 | 139 | 139 |
Wheat pollard | 189 | 132 | 132 | 132 | 132 | 132 | 132 | 132 |
Cassava flour | 29.9 | 20.9 | 20.9 | 20.9 | 20.9 | 20.9 | 20.9 | 20.9 |
Chromic oxide | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
Sunflower oil | 19.8 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 13.9 |
Vitamin/Mineral | 10.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 |
Chemical Composition | ||||||||
Ash | 121 | 133 | 124 | 219 | 152 | 96.9 | 141 | 222 |
Crude protein | 322 | 342 | 315 | 366 | 407 | 477 | 285 | 331 |
Crude fiber | 68.2 | 52.7 | 63.2 | 51.4 | 53.9 | 47.8 | 82.9 | 49.8 |
Ether extract | 102 | 76.0 | 78.9 | 80.2 | 88.7 | 81.4 | 79.7 | 113 |
Nitrogen-free extract | 387 | 396 | 420 | 284 | 299 | 297 | 412 | 284 |
Diet | AD_DM | AD_OM | AD_CP | AD_GE |
---|---|---|---|---|
Siphoning | ||||
Fishmeal | 25.5 a | 37.7 a | 76.9 a | 44.4 a |
Brewers spent yeast | 23.5 a | 29.5 b | 75.8 a | 37.4 b |
Moringa leaf | 29.8 ab | 38.4 a | 78.4 ab | 40.8 ab |
Freshwater shrimp | 41.3 c | 51.6 c | 84.5 b | 58.1 c |
Marine shrimp | 33.3 b | 41.3 a | 79.5 ab | 49.2 d |
Cattle blood | 46.4 d | 61.6 d | 80.9 bc | 78.0 e |
Duckweed | 21.6 a | 27.9 b | 73.1 ad | 35.3 b |
Fish frames | 36.0 b | 49.1 c | 76.9 a | 52.7 d |
SEM | 1.07 | 1.09 | 0.69 | 0.93 |
p-value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Stripping | ||||
Fishmeal | 27.6 a | 39.6 a | 75.5 a | - |
Brewers spent yeast | 24.0 b | 28.8 b | 76.8 a | - |
Moringa leaf | 28.3 a | 36.2 ab | 78.5 ab | - |
Freshwater shrimp | 40.3 d | 51.3 c | 83.6 b | - |
Marine shrimp | 32.5 c | 40.3 a | 82.1 b | - |
Cattle blood | 47.2 e | 64.4 d | 79.7 ab | - |
Duckweed | 23.6 b | 30.1 b | 72.4 ac | - |
Fish frames | 37.8 d | 50.3 c | 76.4 ab | - |
SEM | 0.81 | 0.87 | 0.76 | - |
p-value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | - |
Comparison of Faeces Collection Methods | ||||
Siphoning | 32.2 | 42.1 | 78.2 | - |
Stripping | 32.6 | 42.6 | 78.1 | - |
SEM | 1.72 | 2.31 | 0.77 | - |
p-value | 0.782 | 0.828 | 0.901 | - |
Item | Equation | R2 |
---|---|---|
Dry matter | y = 1.011 x | 0.970 |
Organic matter | y = 0.985 x | 0.978 |
Crude protein | y = 0.999 x | 0.868 |
Sample | AD_DM | AD_CP | AD_OM | AD_GE |
---|---|---|---|---|
Brewers spent yeast | 16.5 a | 76.9 a | 7.66 a | 19.6 a |
Moringa leaf | 35.0 b | 90.3 b | 34.7 b | 31.5 a |
Freshwater shrimp | 73.8 c | 110 c | 93.5 c | 104 b |
Marine shrimp | 48.9 d | 92.4 b | 45.8 d | 61.5 c |
Cattle blood | 94.7 e | 87.8 ab | 109 e | 108 b |
Duckweed | 13.0 a | 46.3 d | 7.63 a | 14.0 a |
Fish frames | 61.0 f | 78.7 ab | 86.9 c | 76.9 d |
SEM | 2.12 | 2.78 | 2.21 | 3.30 |
p-Value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
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Mmanda, F.P.; Lindberg, J.E.; Norman Haldén, A.; Mtolera, M.S.P.; Kitula, R.; Lundh, T. Digestibility of Local Feed Ingredients in Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles, Determined on Faeces Collected by Siphoning or Stripping . Fishes 2020, 5, 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes5040032
Mmanda FP, Lindberg JE, Norman Haldén A, Mtolera MSP, Kitula R, Lundh T. Digestibility of Local Feed Ingredients in Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles, Determined on Faeces Collected by Siphoning or Stripping . Fishes. 2020; 5(4):32. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes5040032
Chicago/Turabian StyleMmanda, Francis Pius, Jan Erik Lindberg, Anna Norman Haldén, Matern S. P. Mtolera, Rukia Kitula, and Torbjörn Lundh. 2020. "Digestibility of Local Feed Ingredients in Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles, Determined on Faeces Collected by Siphoning or Stripping " Fishes 5, no. 4: 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes5040032