Titan Yellow and Congo Red Removal with Superparamagnetic Iron-Oxide-Based Nanoparticles Doped with Zinc
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Synthesis of Nanoparticles
2.3. Characterization
2.4. Adsorption Study
3. Results
3.1. Morphology Studies
3.2. BET Analysis
3.3. Crystallinity
3.4. Magnetic Properties
3.5. Optical Absorption Properties
3.6. Adsorption Studies of Titan Yellow
3.7. Adsorption Kinetics of Titan Yellow
3.8. Adsorption Isotherm of Titan Yellow
3.9. Effect of pH and Ionic Strength on the Adsorption of TY
4. Photocatalytic Studies
4.1. Adsorption Studies of Congo Red
4.2. Adsorption Kinetics of Congo Red
4.3. Effect of pH and Ionic Strength on the Adsorption of CR
4.4. Adsorption Isotherm for Congo Red
4.5. Photocatalytic Studies for Congo Red
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source of Ions | FeCl3·6H2O | FeCl2·4H2O | ZnCl2·4H2O |
Fe3O4 | 1.35 g | 497.0 mg | - |
Fe3O4@1%Zn | 493.6 mg | 3.40 mg | |
Fe3O4@2%Zn | 490.2 mg | 6.80 mg | |
Fe3O4@5%Zn | 472.1 mg | 24.85 mg | |
Fe3O4@10%Zn | 447.3 mg | 49.70 mg |
Sample | STotal (m2 g−1) | SMicro (cm2 g−1) | SMeso (cm2 g−1) | VMeso (cm3 g−1) | dMean pore (nm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fe3O4 | 97.9 | 0 | 100.4 | 0.17 | 6.78 |
Fe3O4@1%Zn | 85.7 | 2.3 | 54.5 | 0.03 | 2.41 |
Fe3O4@2%Zn | 93.1 | 0 | 70.0 | 0.04 | 2.29 |
Fe3O4@5%Zn | 91.4 | 1.6 | 66.9 | 0.04 | 2.30 |
Fe3O4@10%Zn | 101.5 | 5.2 | 63.3 | 0.04 | 2.40 |
Nanoparticles | Band-Gap Energy [eV] |
---|---|
Fe3O4 | 2.35 ± 0.08 |
Fe3O4@1%Zn | 2.35 ± 0.10 |
Fe3O4@2%Zn | 2.34 ± 0.29 |
Fe3O4@5%Zn | 2.33 ± 0.30 |
Fe3O4@10%Zn | 2.24 ± 0.08 |
Parameters | Fe3O4 | Fe3O4@10%Zn |
---|---|---|
Langmuir | ||
qmax (mg g−1) | 30.0 | 43.0 |
KL (L mg−1) | 0.041 | 0.094 |
0.966 | 0.985 | |
SD (mg g−1) | 1.72 | 1.77 |
Redlich-Peterson | ||
KRP (L g−1) | 0.843 | 4.28 |
aRP (mg L−1)-g | 0.004 | 0.107 |
g | 1.39 | 0.981 |
0.985 | 0.983 | |
SD (mg g−1) | 1.13 | 1.86 |
Freundlich | ||
KF (mg g−1) (mg L−1)−1/nF | 4.66 | 10.36 |
nF | 2.79 | 3.40 |
0.889 | 0.937 | |
SD (mg g−1) | 3.14 | 3.61 |
Adsorbents | qmax (mg g−1) | References |
---|---|---|
NiFe2O4 | 19.193 | [56] |
Chitosan | 58.76 | [57] |
Saccharum spontaneum | 3.984 | [58] |
Walnut Husks | 7.6982 | [59] |
Bio-Waste Aloe vera Leaves | 55.25 | [60] |
Fe3O4 | 30.0 | This work |
Fe3O4@10%Zn | 43.0 | This work |
Fe3O4@10%Zn | |
---|---|
Langmuir | |
qmax (mg g−1) | 59 |
KL (L mg−1) | 0.033 |
0.984 | |
SD (mg g−1) | 2.07 |
Redlich-Peterson | |
KRP (L g−1) | 1.64 |
aRP (mg L−1)-g | 0.009 |
g | 1.2 |
0.985 | |
SD (mg g−1) | 2.04 |
Freundlich | |
KF (mg g−1) (mg L−1)−1/nF | 5.183 |
nF | 2.06 |
0.945 | |
SD (mg g−1) | 3.75 |
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Pietrzyk, P.; Phuong, N.T.; Olusegun, S.J.; Hong Nam, N.; Thanh, D.T.M.; Giersig, M.; Krysiński, P.; Osial, M. Titan Yellow and Congo Red Removal with Superparamagnetic Iron-Oxide-Based Nanoparticles Doped with Zinc. Magnetochemistry 2022, 8, 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8080091
Pietrzyk P, Phuong NT, Olusegun SJ, Hong Nam N, Thanh DTM, Giersig M, Krysiński P, Osial M. Titan Yellow and Congo Red Removal with Superparamagnetic Iron-Oxide-Based Nanoparticles Doped with Zinc. Magnetochemistry. 2022; 8(8):91. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8080091
Chicago/Turabian StylePietrzyk, Paulina, Nguyen Thu Phuong, Sunday Joseph Olusegun, Nguyen Hong Nam, Dinh Thi Mai Thanh, Michael Giersig, Paweł Krysiński, and Magdalena Osial. 2022. "Titan Yellow and Congo Red Removal with Superparamagnetic Iron-Oxide-Based Nanoparticles Doped with Zinc" Magnetochemistry 8, no. 8: 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8080091