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Magnetochemistry
Volume 8
Issue 11
10.3390/magnetochemistry8110155
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Article

Impact of an Induced Magnetic Field on the Stagnation-Point Flow of a Water-Based Graphene Oxide Nanoparticle over a Movable Surface with Homogeneous–Heterogeneous and Chemical Reactions

by
Umair Khan
1,2,*,
Aurang Zaib
3,
Anuar Ishak
1,
Abeer M. Alotaibi
4,
Samia Elattar
5,
Ioan Pop
6 and
Ahmed M. Abed
7,8
1
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Mathematics and Social Sciences, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan
3
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi 75300, Pakistan
4
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
6
Department of Mathematics, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
7
Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16273, Saudi Arabia
8
Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8(11), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8110155
Submission received: 18 October 2022 / Revised: 7 November 2022 / Accepted: 9 November 2022 / Published: 12 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic and Transport Properties of Thin-Film Materials)
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Abstract

Water has attracted plenty of attention as a lubricant for manufacturing due to the fact that it is inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and efficient. Because of their outstanding mechanical capabilities, water dispensability, and range of real applications, graphene oxide (GO) materials have the potential to augment the effectiveness of water lubrication. With this encouragement, we inspect the impact of induced magnetism on the fluid flow near a stagnation point dispended with water-based GO nanoparticles caused by a movable surface with a homogeneous–heterogeneous chemical reaction. The leading equations and their related boundary constraints are first transformed into a non-dimensional form through the utilization of the similarity technique. The consequent equations are then numerically solved by employing the bvp4c scheme. Those figures are used to exemplify the stimulation of the relevant constraints on the fluid flow, induced magnetic profiles, temperature profiles, concentration profiles, heat transfer, and friction factor. It is observed that the nanoparticle’s volume fraction enhances the heat transfer rate, as well as the friction factor. The heat transfer and friction factor escalate by almost 11.71% and 0.96% for the respective upper-branch solutions due to the larger impacts of nanoparticles’ volume fractions, while for the lower-branch solutions, they are augmented at about 21.8% and 0.66%, respectively. In addition, double solutions can be found in the limited values of a movable parameter.
Keywords: nanofluid; induced magnetic field (IMF); homogeneous–heterogeneous chemical reaction; multiple solutions nanofluid; induced magnetic field (IMF); homogeneous–heterogeneous chemical reaction; multiple solutions

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MDPI and ACS Style

Khan, U.; Zaib, A.; Ishak, A.; Alotaibi, A.M.; Elattar, S.; Pop, I.; Abed, A.M. Impact of an Induced Magnetic Field on the Stagnation-Point Flow of a Water-Based Graphene Oxide Nanoparticle over a Movable Surface with Homogeneous–Heterogeneous and Chemical Reactions. Magnetochemistry 2022, 8, 155. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8110155

AMA Style

Khan U, Zaib A, Ishak A, Alotaibi AM, Elattar S, Pop I, Abed AM. Impact of an Induced Magnetic Field on the Stagnation-Point Flow of a Water-Based Graphene Oxide Nanoparticle over a Movable Surface with Homogeneous–Heterogeneous and Chemical Reactions. Magnetochemistry. 2022; 8(11):155. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8110155

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khan, Umair, Aurang Zaib, Anuar Ishak, Abeer M. Alotaibi, Samia Elattar, Ioan Pop, and Ahmed M. Abed. 2022. "Impact of an Induced Magnetic Field on the Stagnation-Point Flow of a Water-Based Graphene Oxide Nanoparticle over a Movable Surface with Homogeneous–Heterogeneous and Chemical Reactions" Magnetochemistry 8, no. 11: 155. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8110155

APA Style

Khan, U., Zaib, A., Ishak, A., Alotaibi, A. M., Elattar, S., Pop, I., & Abed, A. M. (2022). Impact of an Induced Magnetic Field on the Stagnation-Point Flow of a Water-Based Graphene Oxide Nanoparticle over a Movable Surface with Homogeneous–Heterogeneous and Chemical Reactions. Magnetochemistry, 8(11), 155. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8110155

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