Neonatal Calf Diarrhea Is Associated with Decreased Bacterial Diversity and Altered Gut Microbiome Profiles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection and Processing
2.2. Microbial DNA Extraction and Sequencing
2.3. Bioinformatics and Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
3.2. Diarrhea Is Associated with Decreased Alpha-Diversity of Gut Bacterial Microbiota
3.3. Relationship between Diarrhea and the Fecal Microbiome Beta Diversity
3.4. Significant Alterations of Bacterial Taxonomic Composition in Diarrheic Calves
3.5. LEfSe Analysis Reveals Distinct Microbial Profiles between Healthy and Diarrheic Calves from Phylum to Species Level
3.6. Prokaryotic Taxa Identified across the Study Sample
3.7. Fecal Microbiota Changes of Diarrhea Calves during Prodrome, Obvious Symptom, Conversion Period and Death
3.8. 16S rRNA Functional Prediction
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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The Health Protocol and Management for Calves | |
---|---|
Breed | Simmental cattle and Angus cattle |
Calves per year | 100 |
Type of housing | Group pen |
Type of bedding | The mushroom residue |
Whether calves were born from discotic parturition | No |
Dam vaccination | No |
Umbilicus care | Properly sanitize the umbilical stump and ensure that it is kept clean and dry to prevent infection |
Colostrum quality | Eligible colostrum |
Colostrum feeding | 4 L first 4 h |
Diet and nutrition (8–12 weeks) | milk and/or formula milk |
Feeding method | Group bucket |
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Share and Cite
Li, W.; Yi, X.; Wu, B.; Li, X.; Ye, B.; Deng, Z.; A, R.; Hu, S.; Li, D.; Wu, H.; et al. Neonatal Calf Diarrhea Is Associated with Decreased Bacterial Diversity and Altered Gut Microbiome Profiles. Fermentation 2023, 9, 827. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9090827
Li W, Yi X, Wu B, Li X, Ye B, Deng Z, A R, Hu S, Li D, Wu H, et al. Neonatal Calf Diarrhea Is Associated with Decreased Bacterial Diversity and Altered Gut Microbiome Profiles. Fermentation. 2023; 9(9):827. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9090827
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Wei, Xin Yi, Baoyun Wu, Xiang Li, Boping Ye, Ziqi Deng, Runa A, Sanlong Hu, Dongdong Li, Hao Wu, and et al. 2023. "Neonatal Calf Diarrhea Is Associated with Decreased Bacterial Diversity and Altered Gut Microbiome Profiles" Fermentation 9, no. 9: 827. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9090827