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Article

Effects of Malt Extract on Nutritional and Functional Aspects in Healthy Adult Dogs

by
Lucas Ben Fiuza Henríquez
1,
Mariana Fragoso Rentas
1,
Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon
1,
Mariana Pamplona Perini
1,
Pedro Henrique Marchi
1,
Roberta Bueno Ayres Rodrigues
1,
Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
1,*,
Cristina Oliveira Massoco Salles Gomes
2,
Julio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro
1 and
Marcio Antonio Brunetto
1,†
1
Pet Nutrology Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
2
Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
In memoriam.
Fermentation 2023, 9(10), 870; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9100870
Submission received: 14 June 2023 / Revised: 14 August 2023 / Accepted: 23 August 2023 / Published: 27 September 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feed Fermentation: Nutrition and Metabolism)
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Abstract

The co-product malt extract has prebiotic constituents, such as sugar and beta-glucans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate how the malt extract inclusion in healthy dogs’ diet effects digestibility, fecal microbiota, fermentative metabolites, and immunity. Twelve healthy two-year-old dogs were used, randomly divided into two groups according to food consumed: control treatment (CT), without the addition of malt extract, and malt treatment (MT), with 1.0% malt extract inclusion (natural matter) during two experimental periods. The results obtained were analyzed by the computer software Statistical Analysis System (SAS, version 9.4). Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. No differences were observed in the apparent digestibility of nutrients and fermentation metabolites. However, a reduction was observed for metabolizable energy (p = 0.0004) in the malt diet. The predominant phylum for both treatments was Firmicutes (p < 0.0001), the mean of which was higher in MT dogs. The bacterial groups belonging to the cluster Clostridium XIVa and genus Faecalibacterium, which are responsible for producing short-chain fatty acids, were higher after MT consumption (p < 0.0001). On the other hand, MT dogs presented a reduction in the genus Bifidobacterium (p < 0.0001), which is responsible for producing lactic acid. There was also an increase in lymphocyte proliferation index (p = 0.0071) and rate (p = 0.0025) and in CD4+:CD8+ lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.0098) after MT consumption. Thus, the inclusion of 1.0% of malt extract in the diet had a prebiotic effect in healthy adult dogs.
Keywords: barley; canine; digestibility; fermentation metabolites; immunity; microbiome barley; canine; digestibility; fermentation metabolites; immunity; microbiome

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MDPI and ACS Style

Henríquez, L.B.F.; Rentas, M.F.; Zafalon, R.V.A.; Perini, M.P.; Marchi, P.H.; Rodrigues, R.B.A.; Vendramini, T.H.A.; Gomes, C.O.M.S.; Balieiro, J.C.d.C.; Brunetto, M.A. Effects of Malt Extract on Nutritional and Functional Aspects in Healthy Adult Dogs. Fermentation 2023, 9, 870. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9100870

AMA Style

Henríquez LBF, Rentas MF, Zafalon RVA, Perini MP, Marchi PH, Rodrigues RBA, Vendramini THA, Gomes COMS, Balieiro JCdC, Brunetto MA. Effects of Malt Extract on Nutritional and Functional Aspects in Healthy Adult Dogs. Fermentation. 2023; 9(10):870. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9100870

Chicago/Turabian Style

Henríquez, Lucas Ben Fiuza, Mariana Fragoso Rentas, Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon, Mariana Pamplona Perini, Pedro Henrique Marchi, Roberta Bueno Ayres Rodrigues, Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini, Cristina Oliveira Massoco Salles Gomes, Julio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro, and Marcio Antonio Brunetto. 2023. "Effects of Malt Extract on Nutritional and Functional Aspects in Healthy Adult Dogs" Fermentation 9, no. 10: 870. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9100870

APA Style

Henríquez, L. B. F., Rentas, M. F., Zafalon, R. V. A., Perini, M. P., Marchi, P. H., Rodrigues, R. B. A., Vendramini, T. H. A., Gomes, C. O. M. S., Balieiro, J. C. d. C., & Brunetto, M. A. (2023). Effects of Malt Extract on Nutritional and Functional Aspects in Healthy Adult Dogs. Fermentation, 9(10), 870. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9100870

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