Characterization of Physicochemical Properties of Melanin Produced by Gluconobacter oxydans FBFS 97
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Pigment Production Conditions
2.2. Melanin Extraction
2.3. Characterization of the Melanin Produced by G. oxydans FBFS 97
2.3.1. Biochemical and Solubility Tests of Melanin Extracted
2.3.2. Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis)
2.3.3. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
2.3.4. Elemental Composition Analysis
2.3.5. Thin-Layer Chromatography
2.3.6. Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.3.7. Antioxidant Activity of the Extracted Melanin
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Characterization of Extracted Melanin Produced by G. oxydans FBFS97
3.1.1. Preliminary Properties of the Extracted Melanin
3.1.2. Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis)
3.1.3. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
3.1.4. Elemental Composition Analysis
3.1.5. Thin-Layer Chromatography
3.1.6. Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.2. Antioxidant Activities of the Extracted Melanin Produced by G. oxydans FBFS 97
3.2.1. DPPH Radical-Scavenging Activity
3.2.2. ABTS Radical-Scavenging Activity
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No | Assay | Results |
---|---|---|
1 | Solubility in water hot/cold | Insoluble |
2 | Solubility in 1 mol/L NaOH | Soluble |
3 | Solubility in 1 mol/L KOH | Soluble |
4 | Solubility in 1 mol/L HCl | Insoluble |
5 | Solubility in methanol | Sparingly soluble |
6 | Solubility in ethanol | Insoluble |
7 | Solubility in acetone | Insoluble |
8 | Solubility in chloroform | Insoluble |
9 | Solubility in hexane | Insoluble |
10 | Solubility in ethyl acetate | Insoluble |
11 | Solubility in acetic acid | Insoluble |
12 | Solubility in petroleum ether | Insoluble |
13 | Solubility in DMSO | Insoluble |
14 | Reaction with H2O2 | Decolorized |
15 | Reaction for polyphenols (FeCl3 test) | Brown precipitate |
Strain | Elemental Compositions (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
G. oxydans FBFS 97 | Carbon (C) | Hydrogen (H) | Nitrogen (N) | Sulfur (S) | Oxygen (O) ⁕ |
53.81 | 5.13 | 5.95 | 0.73 | 34.38 |
Index | IC50 (µg/mL) |
---|---|
Scavenging DPPH radical | 36.94 |
Scavenging ABTS radical | 4.06 |
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Noman, A.E.; Al-Barha, N.S.; Chen, F. Characterization of Physicochemical Properties of Melanin Produced by Gluconobacter oxydans FBFS 97. Fermentation 2022, 8, 574. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8110574
Noman AE, Al-Barha NS, Chen F. Characterization of Physicochemical Properties of Melanin Produced by Gluconobacter oxydans FBFS 97. Fermentation. 2022; 8(11):574. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8110574
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoman, Abeer Essam, Naif S. Al-Barha, and Fusheng Chen. 2022. "Characterization of Physicochemical Properties of Melanin Produced by Gluconobacter oxydans FBFS 97" Fermentation 8, no. 11: 574. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8110574
APA StyleNoman, A. E., Al-Barha, N. S., & Chen, F. (2022). Characterization of Physicochemical Properties of Melanin Produced by Gluconobacter oxydans FBFS 97. Fermentation, 8(11), 574. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8110574