Non-Coding RNAs in the Crosstalk between Breast Cancer Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Role of Non-Coding RNAs in TAM Recruitment and Polarization in Breast Cancer
3. Non-Coding RNAs in the Regulation of BC Cells and TAM Metabolic Reprogramming
4. Non-Coding RNAs in the Regulation of TAM-Induced Angiogenesis
5. Non-Coding RNAs in the Crosstalk between TAMs and BC Cells during Metastasis Formation
6. The Role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in TAM-Induced Chemoresistance in Breast Cancer
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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microRNA | Expression | Regulated Pathways | Biological Function | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
miR-375 | Transferred from apoptotic BC cells to TAMs | Induces CCL2 secretion in BC cells and TNS3 and PXN downregulation in TAMs | Promotes TAM migration and recruitment | [34] |
miR-149 | Brain metastatic BC cells | Directly targets and inhibits CSF1 | Limits TAM recruitment and lung metastasis; promotes M1 polarization | [39] |
miR-200c | BC cells | Induces GM-CSF secretion | Induces M1 polarization | [41] |
miR-200c | BC cells | Induces nPAI-2-mediated IL-10 secretion | Induces M2 polarization | [45] |
miR-19a-3p | TAMs | Inhibits Fra1/ STAT3 pathway | Inhibits M2 polarization | [47] |
miR-100 | TAMs | Inhibits mTOR and induces STAT5-mediated IL1-ra secretion | Induces M2 polarization, lung metastasis and chemoresistance | [48] |
miR-181a | TAMs | Inhibits C/EBPa and KLF6 expression | Induces M2 polarization | [54] |
miR-720 | TAMs | Directly targets and inhibits GATA3 | Inhibits M2 polarization | [56] |
Let-7b | Ectopically administered | Acts as an agonist of TLR7 in TAMs and inhibits IL-10 secretion | Inhibits M2 polarization | [58] |
miR-375 | Transferred from BC cells to TAMs | Inhibits LDHB expression Induces SREBP2 activation | Induces aerobic glycolysis and lactate production Induces cholesterol synthesis | [59] |
miR-503-3p | Transferred from TAMs cells to BC cells | Activates Wnt/β-cathenin pathway by directly targeting DACT2 | Induces glycolysis and inhibits OXPHOS | [60] |
miR-33 | Ectopically administered | Stimulates M1-related cytokine production | Induces M1 polarization. induces glycolysis and inhibits FAO | [61] |
miR-29b | TAMs | Inhibits STAT3 pathway | Inhibits M2 polarization | [62] |
miR-122 | BC cells | PK downregulation | Increases glucose availability in the pre-metastatic niche for cancer cells | [63] |
miR-107 miR-15b | TAMs | Inhibits HIF1 and GRN expression | Inhibits TAM pro-angiogenic functions | [64] |
miR-29b | BC cells | Inhibits VEGF secretion by downregulating Akt3 | Inhibits angiogenesis | [65] |
miR-155 | BC cells/ TAMs | Directly targets and inhibits VHL | Induces angiogenesis | [66] |
miR-21 miR-29a | TAMs | Inhibit Pdcd4, Spry1, Timp3, Col4a2, and Sparc expression | Induces TAM pro-angiogenic reprogamming | [67] |
miR-183-5p | Transferred from BC cells to TAMs | Directly targets and inhibits PPP2CA inducing NFkB activation | Promotes the formation of a pro-inflammatory TME and induces lung metastasis | [68] |
miR-183-5p | Transferred from BC cells to TAMs | Inhibits KDM6B histone demethylase | Induces M2 polarization and promotes lung metastasis | [69] |
miR-5100 | Transferred from TAMs to BC cells in PGRN-/- mice | Inhibits CXCL12 production | Reduces TAM infiltration; reduces EMT and lung metastasis | [70] |
miR-98 | BC cells | Inhibits EMT | Inhibits lung and liver metastasis | [71] |
miR-181b | Ectopically administred | Downregulates NFkB pathway | Inhibits lung metastasis | [72] |
miR-770 | BC cells
Transferred from BC cells to TAMs | Inhibits STMN1 expression Induces M1 genes | Inhibits EMT and promotes cell death Promotes M1 polarization | [73] |
miR-21 | BC cells | Inhibits PTEN and PDCD4 expression | Induces chemoresistance and TAM infiltration | [74] |
miR-708 | Chemo-resistant BC stem cells | Directly targets and inhibits CD47 | Inhibits cancer stem cell self-renewal and increases M1 phagocitic activity reducing chemoresistance | [75] |
miR-222 | Transferred from BC cells to TAMs | Induces Akt pathway via PTEN downregulation | Induces M2 polarization and cancer chemoresistance | [76] |
lncRNA | Expression | Regulated Pathways | Biological Function | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
lnc-BM | Brain metastatic BC cells | Upregulates JAK2/STAT3 pathway | Promotes TAM recruitment and brain metastasis formation | [36] |
linc-00514 | BC cells | Induces STAT3-mediated Jagge1 upregulation | Promotes M2 polarization | [49] |
lnc-Xist | TAMs | Sponges miR-101 and induces C/EBPα and KLF6 expression | Promotes M1 polarization | [51] |
lnc-GNAS-AS1 | BC cells/ TAMs | Sponges miR-433-3p and induces GATA3 expression | Promotes M2 polarization | [55] |
lnc-Hisla | Transferred from TAMs to BC cells | Upregulates HIF1α expression by inhibiting PHD2 | Induces aerobic glycolysis | [77] |
lnc-PCAT6 | BC cells | Inhibits VEGFR2 degradation | Induces angiogenesis | [78] |
lnc-IRENA | TAMs | Induces PKR-mediated NFkB pathway activation | Induces BC chemoresistance | [79] |
linc-00337 | BC cells | Promotes CCL12, IL-13, M-CSF secretion | Induces chemoresistance, and M2 polarization | [80] |
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Benedetti, A.; Turco, C.; Fontemaggi, G.; Fazi, F. Non-Coding RNAs in the Crosstalk between Breast Cancer Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Non-Coding RNA 2022, 8, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna8010016
Benedetti A, Turco C, Fontemaggi G, Fazi F. Non-Coding RNAs in the Crosstalk between Breast Cancer Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Non-Coding RNA. 2022; 8(1):16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna8010016
Chicago/Turabian StyleBenedetti, Anna, Chiara Turco, Giulia Fontemaggi, and Francesco Fazi. 2022. "Non-Coding RNAs in the Crosstalk between Breast Cancer Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages" Non-Coding RNA 8, no. 1: 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna8010016