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Volume 12
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10.3390/gels12060462
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Fabrication and Characterization of Bio-Based Aerogels Derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQ-2 Exopolysaccharides: Structural Characterization and In Vitro Antitumor Activity Analysis

by
Tianjiao Zhao
1,†,
Lei Huang
1,†,
Sihan Wei
1,
Chengci Liu
1,
Jinhua Xu
2,
Lu Qiao
2,3,
Jincheng Li
2,
Chaoying Zhang
2,
Yingchun Mu
2,
Zhiyang Zhao
4,
Meitong Li
1,* and
Xin Hu
2,*
1
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
2
Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China
3
Hainan Fisheries Innovation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
4
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Energy Devices & Interface Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Gels 2026, 12(6), 462; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12060462
Submission received: 23 March 2026 / Revised: 6 May 2026 / Accepted: 13 May 2026 / Published: 25 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass-Based Gels)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Aerogels derived from microbial exopolysaccharides are useful in the food, pharmaceutical, and environmental sectors, but their application in anticancer therapy is constrained by inadequate characterization, especially regarding effects on normal cells. This study used ethanol precipitation and trichloroacetic acid deproteinization to extract crude exopolysaccharide from the fermentation broth of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQ-2. The pure fraction, EPS-3791, was obtained using Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography and DEAE cellulose ion exchange. The weight–average molecular weight of EPS-3791 was 64.4kDa. Monosaccharide analysis indicated fructan as the dominant component, which was consistent with the results of methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy, confirming that EPS-3791 is a fructan mainly linked by →1)–Fruf–(2→bonds. UV scanning indicated high purity. FTIR analysis revealed functional groups including hydroxyl, carbonyl, and C–O–C groups. EPS-3791 exhibited a porous three-dimensional network morphology by SEM, with a decomposition temperature of 191.61 °C by TGA. Additionally, aerogels were prepared by freeze drying. EPS-3791 aerogels demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity to normal L929 cells while inhibiting the growth of human lung cancer A549, breast cancer MCF–7, and cervical cancer HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner. Scratch wound healing experiments revealed that EPS-3791 aerogels hindered HeLa cell migration while promoting L929 wound closure. These findings identify EPS-3791 as a fructan-type exopolysaccharide aerogel with specific anticancer properties.
Keywords: aerogel; exopolysaccharide; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; structural characterization; antitumor activity aerogel; exopolysaccharide; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; structural characterization; antitumor activity

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhao, T.; Huang, L.; Wei, S.; Liu, C.; Xu, J.; Qiao, L.; Li, J.; Zhang, C.; Mu, Y.; Zhao, Z.; et al. Fabrication and Characterization of Bio-Based Aerogels Derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQ-2 Exopolysaccharides: Structural Characterization and In Vitro Antitumor Activity Analysis. Gels 2026, 12, 462. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12060462

AMA Style

Zhao T, Huang L, Wei S, Liu C, Xu J, Qiao L, Li J, Zhang C, Mu Y, Zhao Z, et al. Fabrication and Characterization of Bio-Based Aerogels Derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQ-2 Exopolysaccharides: Structural Characterization and In Vitro Antitumor Activity Analysis. Gels. 2026; 12(6):462. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12060462

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhao, Tianjiao, Lei Huang, Sihan Wei, Chengci Liu, Jinhua Xu, Lu Qiao, Jincheng Li, Chaoying Zhang, Yingchun Mu, Zhiyang Zhao, and et al. 2026. "Fabrication and Characterization of Bio-Based Aerogels Derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQ-2 Exopolysaccharides: Structural Characterization and In Vitro Antitumor Activity Analysis" Gels 12, no. 6: 462. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12060462

APA Style

Zhao, T., Huang, L., Wei, S., Liu, C., Xu, J., Qiao, L., Li, J., Zhang, C., Mu, Y., Zhao, Z., Li, M., & Hu, X. (2026). Fabrication and Characterization of Bio-Based Aerogels Derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQ-2 Exopolysaccharides: Structural Characterization and In Vitro Antitumor Activity Analysis. Gels, 12(6), 462. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12060462

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