Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Four New Species of Acrodictys (Acrodictyaceae) in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Isolation and Morphological Observation
2.2. DNA Extraction and Amplification
2.3. Phylogenetic Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Phylogenetic Analyses
3.2. Taxonomy
3.2.1. Acrodictys bawanglingensis S. Wang, J.W. Xia, X.Y. Liu, and X.G. Zhang, sp. nov.
3.2.2. Acrodictys diaoluoshanensis S. Wang, J.W. Xia, X.Y. Liu, and X.G. Zhang, sp. nov.
3.2.3. Acrodictys ellisii S. Wang, J.W. Xia, X.Y. Liu, and X.G. Zhang, sp. nov.
3.2.4. Acrodictys pigmentosa S. Wang, J.W. Xia, X.Y. Liu, and X.G. Zhang, sp. nov.
3.3. Key to the Species of Acrodictys
1. Sexual morph known------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 |
1’ Sexual morph unknown---------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 |
2. Maximum number of septa of ascospores > 3------------------------------------------------------3 |
2’ Maximum number of septa of ascospores ≤ 3------------------------------------------------------4 |
3. Conidia obovate---------------------------------------------------------------------------A. satwalekeri |
3’ Conidia pyriform---------------------------------------------------------------------------A. elaeidicola |
4. Conidia ellipsoid---------------------------------------------------------------------------------A. nigra |
4’ Conidia muriform-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 |
5. Conidia size 23.0–34.0 × 18.0–22.0 μm----------------------------------------A. peruamazonensis |
5’ Conidia size 15.0–22.0 × 7.0–13.0 μm------------------------------------------------A. hainanensis |
6. Conidia with transverse septa only-------------------------------------------------------------------7 |
6’ Conidia with transverse and longitudinal septa-------------------------------------------------14 |
7. Conidia clavate--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 |
7’ Conidia rounded-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 |
8. Conidiogenous cells in groups--------------------------------------------------------------A. similis |
8’ Conidiogenous cells singly-----------------------------------------------------------------------------9 |
9. Conidiogenous cells size 70.0–100.0 × 4.0–6.0 μm------------------------------------A. aquatica |
9’ Conidiogenous cells size 98.0–142.0 × 4.0–6.0 μm---------------------------------A. fluminicola |
10. Conidiogenous cells branched---------------------------------------------------------A. caribensis |
10’ Conidiogenous cells unbranched------------------------------------------------------------------11 |
11. Conidiogenous cells septate-------------------------------------------------------------------------12 |
11’ Conidiogenous cells aseptate-----------------------------------------------------------------------13 |
12. Conidia spheroid---------------------------------------------------------------------------A. brooksiae |
12’ Conidia ellipsoidal--------------------------------------------------------------------------A. sacchari |
13. Conidia 2–3 transverse septa--------------------------------------------------------------A. elliptica |
13’ Conidia 4–9 transverse septa----------------------------------------------------------------A. liputii |
14. Conidiophores in groups-------------------------------------------------------------------A. furcata |
14’ Conidiophores singly---------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 |
15. Conidia maximum length > 100 μm--------------------------------------------A. septosporioides |
15’ Conidia maximum length < 100 μm---------------------------------------------------------------16 |
16. Conidiogenous cells lageniform--------------------------------------------------------------------17 |
16’ Conidiogenous cells cylindrical--------------------------------------------------------------------22 |
17. Conidiogenous cells determinate proliferations----------------------------------A. balladynae |
17’ Conidiogenous cells percurrent proliferations-------------------------------------------------18 |
18. Conidia subglobose or ellipsoidal-----------------------------------------------------------------19 |
18’ Conidia clavate or pyriform-------------------------------------------------------------------------20 |
19. Conidia size 12.0–22.0 × 8.0–16.0 μm------------------------------------------------A. irregularis |
19’ Conidia size 27.0–32.0 × 12.0–16.0 μm--------------------------------------------------A. oblonga |
20. Conidiogenous cells maximum length > 200 μm ------------------------------A. porosiseptata |
20’ Conidiogenous cells maximum length < 200 μm ----------------------------------------------21 |
21. Conidia size 20.0–30.0 × 13.0–16.0 μm---------------------------------------------A. bambusicola |
21’ Conidia size 17.0–27.0 × 11.0–15.0 μm----------------------------------------------A. atroapicula |
22. Conidiogenous cells with percurrent proliferations-------------------------------------------23 |
22’ Conidiogenous cells with determinate proliferations-----------------------------------------25 |
23. Conidiogenous cells maximum length > 60 μm------------------------------------A. micheliae |
23’ Conidiogenous cells maximum length < 60 μm------------------------------------------------24 |
24. Conidia size 28.0–32.0 × 8.0–12.0 μm---------------------------------------------------A. lignicola |
24’ Conidia size 16.0–20.0 × 12.0–15.0 μm-------------------------------------------------A. papillata |
25. Conidiogenous cells maximum length > 80 μm------------------------------------------------26 |
25’ Conidiogenous cells maximum length < 80 μm------------------------------------------------27 |
26. Conidia size 18.0–26.0 × 10.0–16.0 μm, exceeding 23 and 13 um in length and width, respectively----------------------------------------------------------------------------A. bawanglingensis |
26’ Conidia size 18.0–22.0 × 10.0–13.0 μm----------------------------------------------------A. ellisii |
27. Conidia size 18.0–22.0 × 10.0–13.0 μm------------------------------------A. diaoluoshanensis |
27’ Conidia size 12.0–24.0 × 7.0–12.0 μm----------------------------------------------A. pigmentosa |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Locus | Primer | Sequence (5′–3′) | PCR Program | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITS | ITS5 ITS4 | GGA AGT AAA AGT CGT AAC AAG G TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC | (94 °C for 30 s, 55 °C for 30 s, 72 °C for 45 s) × 29 cycles | [18] |
LSU | LR0R LR5 | GTA CCC GCT GAA CTT AAG C TCC TGA GGG AAA CTT CG | (94 °C for 30 s, 48 °C for 50 s, 72 °C for 90 s) × 35 cycles | [19,20] |
SSU | NS1 NS4 | GTA GTC ATA TGC TTG TCT C CTT CCG TCA ATT CCT TTA AG | (94 °C for 30 s, 50 °C for 45 s, 72 °C for 90 s) × 35 cycles | [18] |
tub2 | Bt-2a Bt-2b | GGT AAC CAA ATC GGT GCT GCT TTC ACC CTC AGT GTA GTG ACC CTT GGC | (95 °C for 30 s, 56 °C for 30 s, 72 °C for 60 s) × 35 cycles | [21] |
rpb2 | fRPB2-5F fRPB2-7R | GGG GWG AYC AGA AGA AGG C CCC ATR GCT TGY TTR CCC AT | (95 °C for 50 s, 56 °C for 50 s, 72 °C for 120 s) × 37 cycles | [22] |
Species | Strain | GenBank Accession Number | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ITS | LSU | SSU | rpb2 | tub2 | ||
Acrodictys aquatica | MFLUCC 18-0356 * | MG835711 | MG835712 | – | – | – |
A. bambusicola | CGMCC 3.18641 | KU999973 | KX033564 | KX033535 | – | KX036219 |
A. bawanglingensis | SAUCC 1342 * | ON606324 | ON614219 | ON620164 | ON859853 | ON859845 |
SAUCC 1343 | ON606325 | ON614220 | ON620165 | ON859852 | ON859844 | |
A. diaoluoshanensis | SAUCC 1601 * | ON645265 | ON644407 | ON645269 | ON859847 | ON859839 |
SAUCC 1602 | ON645266 | ON644408 | ON645270 | ON859846 | ON859838 | |
A. ellisii | SAUCC 1471 * | ON645254 | ON644405 | ON645267 | ON859851 | ON859843 |
SAUCC 1472 | ON645255 | ON644406 | ON645268 | ON859850 | ON859842 | |
A. elaeidicola | CGMCC 3.18642 | KU999977 | KX033568 | KX033539 | – | – |
CGMCC 3.18643 | KU999978 | KX033569 | KX033540 | – | – | |
A. fluminicola | KUMCC 15-0240 * | MK828642 | MK849786 | – | – | – |
A. globulosa | CGMCC 3.18644 | KU999970 | KX033562 | KX033532 | – | – |
A. hainanensis | CGMCC 3.18645 * | KU999974 | KX033565 | KX033536 | – | – |
A. liputii | CGMCC 3.18646 | KU999966 | KX033558 | KX033528 | – | – |
CGMCC 3.18647 | KU999979 | KX033570 | KX033541 | – | – | |
MFLUCC 18-0323 | MZ412512 | MZ412524 | MZ413269 | – | – | |
A. malabarica | CGMCC 3.18648 | KU999968 | KX033560 | KX033530 | – | – |
A. peruamazonensis | CGMCC 3.18649 | KU999969 | KX033561 | KX033531 | – | – |
A. pigmentosum | SAUCC 1591 * | ON606326 | ON614221 | ON620166 | ON859849 | ON859841 |
SAUCC 1592 | ON606327 | ON614222 | ON620167 | ON859850 | ON859842 | |
A. porosiseptata | CGMCC 3.18650 | KU999967 | KX033559 | KX033529 | – | KX036220 |
Fluminicola saprophytica | MFLUCC 15-0976 * | MF374358 | MF374367 | MF374375 | MF370954 | – |
Species | Shape | Conidial Size (μm) | Septa |
---|---|---|---|
Acrodictys aquatica | Clavate | 20.0–27.0 × 10.0–17.0 | 3–4 transverse septa |
A. bambusicola | Broadly clavate or pyriform | 17.0–36.0 × 12.0–18.0 | 2–5 transverse and 1 or more longitudinal septa |
A. bawanglingensis | Obovoid to obpyriform | 18.0–26.0 × 10.0–16.0 | 3 transverse and 1–3 longitudinal septa |
A. diaoluoshanensis | Obovoid to obpyriform | 18.0–22.0 × 10.0–13.0 | 3 transverse and 1–2 longitudinal septa |
A. ellisii | Obovoid to obpyriform | 17.0–22.0 × 11.0–14.0 | 3 transverse and 1–3 longitudinal septa |
A. elaeidicola | Turbinate, pyriform or clavate | 17.0–26.0 × 11.0–19.0 | 3 transverse and 1–3 longitudinal septa |
A. fluminicola | Broadly clavate, obovoid to pyriform | 24.0–30.0 × 13.0–17.0 | 2–3 transverse and a few longitudinal septa |
A. globulosa | Subglobose | 22.0–27.0 × 17.0–23.0 | 2 transverse and several longitudinal and oblique septa |
A. hainanensis | Oblong to obovoid | 15.0–22.0 × 7.0–13.0 | 3–5 transverse and several longitudinal or oblique septa |
A. liputii | Subglobose | 18.5–22.5 × 13.5–17.5 | 2–3 parallel transverse and 2 perpendicular longitudinal septa |
A. malabarica | Gangliar, somewhat top-shaped | 16.0–21.0 × 14.0–17.0 | 3 transverse and 2–4 longitudinal septa |
A. peruamazonensis | Ellipsoidal | 28.0–36.0 × 17.0–21.0 | 3–4 transverse and some longitudinal or oblique septa |
A. pigmentosa | Obovoid to obpyriform | 12.0–24.0 × 7.0–12.0 | 1–4 transverse septa and 1–3 longitudinal septa |
A. porosiseptata | Broadly clavate to pyriform | 25.0–30.0 × 13.5–16.5 | 4–5 transverse and 3 perpendicular longitudinal septa |
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Wang, S.; Liu, R.; Liu, S.; Zhang, Z.; Xia, J.; Li, D.; Liu, X.; Zhang, X. Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Four New Species of Acrodictys (Acrodictyaceae) in China. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 853. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080853
Wang S, Liu R, Liu S, Zhang Z, Xia J, Li D, Liu X, Zhang X. Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Four New Species of Acrodictys (Acrodictyaceae) in China. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(8):853. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080853
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Shi, Rongyu Liu, Shubin Liu, Zhaoxue Zhang, Jiwen Xia, Duhua Li, Xiaoyong Liu, and Xiuguo Zhang. 2022. "Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Four New Species of Acrodictys (Acrodictyaceae) in China" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 8: 853. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080853