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Article

Identification and Functional Characterization of a Putative Alternative Oxidase (Aox) in Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae

by
Hector Mendoza
1,
Caroline D. Culver
1,
Emma A. Lamb
1,
Luke A. Schroeder
1,
Sunita Khanal
2,
Christian Müller
3,
Jan Schirawski
3 and
Michael H. Perlin
1,*
1
Department of Biology, Program on Disease Evolution, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
2
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
3
Matthias Schleiden Institute, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07737 Jena, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Fungi 2022, 8(2), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020148
Submission received: 31 December 2021 / Revised: 26 January 2022 / Accepted: 28 January 2022 / Published: 31 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smut Fungi 2.0)
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Abstract

The mitochondrial electron transport chain consists of the classical protein complexes (I–IV) that facilitate the flow of electrons and coupled oxidative phosphorylation to produce metabolic energy. The canonical route of electron transport may diverge by the presence of alternative components to the electron transport chain. The following study comprises the bioinformatic identification and functional characterization of a putative alternative oxidase in the smut fungus Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae. This alternative respiratory component has been previously identified in other eukaryotes and is essential for alternative respiration as a response to environmental and chemical stressors, as well as for developmental transitionaoxs during the life cycle of an organism. A growth inhibition assay, using specific mitochondrial inhibitors, functionally confirmed the presence of an antimycin-resistant/salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)-sensitive alternative oxidase in the respirasome of S. reilianum. Gene disruption experiments revealed that this enzyme is involved in the pathogenic stage of the fungus, with its absence effectively reducing overall disease incidence in infected maize plants. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that alternative oxidase plays a prominent role in the teliospore developmental stage, in agreement with favoring alternative respiration during quiescent stages of an organism’s life cycle.
Keywords: alternative oxidase; basidiomycete; respiration; AMA; SHAM; teliospore alternative oxidase; basidiomycete; respiration; AMA; SHAM; teliospore

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mendoza, H.; Culver, C.D.; Lamb, E.A.; Schroeder, L.A.; Khanal, S.; Müller, C.; Schirawski, J.; Perlin, M.H. Identification and Functional Characterization of a Putative Alternative Oxidase (Aox) in Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020148

AMA Style

Mendoza H, Culver CD, Lamb EA, Schroeder LA, Khanal S, Müller C, Schirawski J, Perlin MH. Identification and Functional Characterization of a Putative Alternative Oxidase (Aox) in Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(2):148. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020148

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mendoza, Hector, Caroline D. Culver, Emma A. Lamb, Luke A. Schroeder, Sunita Khanal, Christian Müller, Jan Schirawski, and Michael H. Perlin. 2022. "Identification and Functional Characterization of a Putative Alternative Oxidase (Aox) in Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 2: 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020148

APA Style

Mendoza, H., Culver, C. D., Lamb, E. A., Schroeder, L. A., Khanal, S., Müller, C., Schirawski, J., & Perlin, M. H. (2022). Identification and Functional Characterization of a Putative Alternative Oxidase (Aox) in Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae. Journal of Fungi, 8(2), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020148

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