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Article

Integration of Solid State and Submerged Fermentations for the Valorization of Organic Municipal Solid Waste

by
Gheorghe-Adrian Martău
1,2,
Peter Unger
3,
Roland Schneider
3,
Joachim Venus
3,
Dan Cristian Vodnar
1,2,* and
José Pablo López-Gómez
3,*
1
Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
2
Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
3
Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Fungi 2021, 7(9), 766; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7090766
Submission received: 2 September 2021 / Revised: 14 September 2021 / Accepted: 15 September 2021 / Published: 16 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Biotechnology and Application)
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Abstract

Solid state fermentation (SsF) is recognized as a suitable process for the production of enzymes using organic residues as substrates. However, only a few studies have integrated an evaluation of the feasibility of applying enzymes produced by SsF into subsequent hydrolyses followed by the production of target compounds, e.g., lactic acid (LA), through submerged-liquid fermentations (SmF). In this study, wheat bran (WB) was used as the substrate for the production of enzymes via SsF by Aspergillus awamori DSM No. 63272. Following optimization, cellulase and glucoamylase activities were 73.63 ± 5.47 FPU/gds and 107.10 ± 2.63 U/gdb after 7 days and 5 days of fermentation, respectively. Enzymes were then used for the hydrolysis of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). During hydrolysis, glucose increased considerably with a final value of 19.77 ± 1.56 g/L. Subsequently, hydrolysates were fermented in SmF by Bacillus coagulans A166 increasing the LA concentration by 15.59 g/L. The data reported in this study provides an example of how SsF and SmF technologies can be combined for the valorization of WB and OFMSW.
Keywords: solid state fermentation; enzyme production; wheat bran; organic fraction of municipal solid waste; hydrolysis; Aspergillus awamori; Bacillus coagulans; lactic acid solid state fermentation; enzyme production; wheat bran; organic fraction of municipal solid waste; hydrolysis; Aspergillus awamori; Bacillus coagulans; lactic acid
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MDPI and ACS Style

Martău, G.-A.; Unger, P.; Schneider, R.; Venus, J.; Vodnar, D.C.; López-Gómez, J.P. Integration of Solid State and Submerged Fermentations for the Valorization of Organic Municipal Solid Waste. J. Fungi 2021, 7, 766. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7090766

AMA Style

Martău G-A, Unger P, Schneider R, Venus J, Vodnar DC, López-Gómez JP. Integration of Solid State and Submerged Fermentations for the Valorization of Organic Municipal Solid Waste. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7(9):766. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7090766

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martău, Gheorghe-Adrian, Peter Unger, Roland Schneider, Joachim Venus, Dan Cristian Vodnar, and José Pablo López-Gómez. 2021. "Integration of Solid State and Submerged Fermentations for the Valorization of Organic Municipal Solid Waste" Journal of Fungi 7, no. 9: 766. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7090766

APA Style

Martău, G.-A., Unger, P., Schneider, R., Venus, J., Vodnar, D. C., & López-Gómez, J. P. (2021). Integration of Solid State and Submerged Fermentations for the Valorization of Organic Municipal Solid Waste. Journal of Fungi, 7(9), 766. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7090766

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