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10.3390/jof7100854
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Article

Evidence for Lignocellulose-Decomposing Enzymes in the Genome and Transcriptome of the Aquatic Hyphomycete Clavariopsis aquatica

by
Felix Heeger
1,2,3,*,
Elizabeth C. Bourne
1,3,
Christian Wurzbacher
4,
Elisabeth Funke
1,
Anna Lipzen
5,
Guifen He
5,
Vivian Ng
5,
Igor V. Grigoriev
5,6,
Dietmar Schlosser
7 and
Michael T. Monaghan
1,3,8
1
Department Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587 Berlin, Germany
2
Department Materials and Environment, Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing, 12203 Berlin, Germany
3
Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research, 14195 Berlin, Germany
4
Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
5
US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
6
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
7
Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
8
Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Craig Faulds
J. Fungi 2021, 7(10), 854; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7100854
Received: 31 August 2021 / Revised: 6 October 2021 / Accepted: 7 October 2021 / Published: 12 October 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Enzymes 2021)
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Abstract

Fungi are ecologically outstanding decomposers of lignocellulose. Fungal lignocellulose degradation is prominent in saprotrophic Ascomycota and Basidiomycota of the subkingdom Dikarya. Despite ascomycetes dominating the Dikarya inventory of aquatic environments, genome and transcriptome data relating to enzymes involved in lignocellulose decay remain limited to terrestrial representatives of these phyla. We sequenced the genome of an exclusively aquatic ascomycete (the aquatic hyphomycete Clavariopsis aquatica), documented the presence of genes for the modification of lignocellulose and its constituents, and compared differential gene expression between C. aquatica cultivated on lignocellulosic and sugar-rich substrates. We identified potential peroxidases, laccases, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, several of which were differentially expressed when experimentally grown on different substrates. Additionally, we found indications for the regulation of pathways for cellulose and hemicellulose degradation. Our results suggest that C. aquatica is able to modify lignin to some extent, detoxify aromatic lignin constituents, or both. Such characteristics would be expected to facilitate the use of carbohydrate components of lignocellulose as carbon and energy sources. View Full-Text
Keywords: aquatic fungi; differential expression; lignocellulose; laccase; RNA-Seq aquatic fungi; differential expression; lignocellulose; laccase; RNA-Seq
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MDPI and ACS Style

Heeger, F.; Bourne, E.C.; Wurzbacher, C.; Funke, E.; Lipzen, A.; He, G.; Ng, V.; Grigoriev, I.V.; Schlosser, D.; Monaghan, M.T. Evidence for Lignocellulose-Decomposing Enzymes in the Genome and Transcriptome of the Aquatic Hyphomycete Clavariopsis aquatica. J. Fungi 2021, 7, 854. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7100854

AMA Style

Heeger F, Bourne EC, Wurzbacher C, Funke E, Lipzen A, He G, Ng V, Grigoriev IV, Schlosser D, Monaghan MT. Evidence for Lignocellulose-Decomposing Enzymes in the Genome and Transcriptome of the Aquatic Hyphomycete Clavariopsis aquatica. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7(10):854. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7100854

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heeger, Felix, Elizabeth C. Bourne, Christian Wurzbacher, Elisabeth Funke, Anna Lipzen, Guifen He, Vivian Ng, Igor V. Grigoriev, Dietmar Schlosser, and Michael T. Monaghan 2021. "Evidence for Lignocellulose-Decomposing Enzymes in the Genome and Transcriptome of the Aquatic Hyphomycete Clavariopsis aquatica" Journal of Fungi 7, no. 10: 854. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7100854

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