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Article

Biocontrol of Seedborne Fungi on Small-Grained Cereals Using Bacillus halotolerans Strain B33

by
Tatjana Popović Milovanović
1,*,
Renata Iličić
2,
Ferenc Bagi
2,
Goran Aleksić
1,
Nenad Trkulja
1,
Vojislav Trkulja
3 and
Aleksandra Jelušić
4
1
Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Teodora Drajzera 9, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia
2
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
3
Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska, Knjaza Milosa 17, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
4
Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Fungi 2025, 11(2), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11020144
Submission received: 23 December 2024 / Revised: 31 January 2025 / Accepted: 11 February 2025 / Published: 13 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crop Fungal Diseases Management)
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Abstract

The development of biological pesticides is rapidly becoming an integral aspect of pest management in sustainable agriculture. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Bacillus halotolerans strain B33 against three common seedborne fungal pathogens—Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, and Aspergillus flavus. B33 strain identity was determined using the 16S rRNA and tuf gene sequences. Commercial wheat, barley, oat, and rye seeds were artificially infected by fungal isolates and then treated with B33 overnight culture in Nutrient Broth. The obtained results indicate high efficacy against F. graminearum (83.55–94.38%) and A. alternata (85.05–96.70%), whereby the highest efficacy was noted on wheat seed and the lowest was detected on rye seed. On the other hand, B33 achieved 100% efficacy against A. flavus on barley, rye, and oat seeds, while being 96.24% effective against this pathogen on wheat. Principal component analysis indicated the highest treatment influence on A. flavus. The effect of all tested treatments on seed germination was statistically significant compared to the controls, whereby the number of germinated seeds declined as the seed infection rate increased. B. halotolerans strain B33 effectively managed seedborne fungal pathogens, thereby enhancing seed germination.
Keywords: Fusarium graminearum; Alternaria alternata; Aspergillus flavus; grains; biological control Fusarium graminearum; Alternaria alternata; Aspergillus flavus; grains; biological control

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MDPI and ACS Style

Popović Milovanović, T.; Iličić, R.; Bagi, F.; Aleksić, G.; Trkulja, N.; Trkulja, V.; Jelušić, A. Biocontrol of Seedborne Fungi on Small-Grained Cereals Using Bacillus halotolerans Strain B33. J. Fungi 2025, 11, 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11020144

AMA Style

Popović Milovanović T, Iličić R, Bagi F, Aleksić G, Trkulja N, Trkulja V, Jelušić A. Biocontrol of Seedborne Fungi on Small-Grained Cereals Using Bacillus halotolerans Strain B33. Journal of Fungi. 2025; 11(2):144. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11020144

Chicago/Turabian Style

Popović Milovanović, Tatjana, Renata Iličić, Ferenc Bagi, Goran Aleksić, Nenad Trkulja, Vojislav Trkulja, and Aleksandra Jelušić. 2025. "Biocontrol of Seedborne Fungi on Small-Grained Cereals Using Bacillus halotolerans Strain B33" Journal of Fungi 11, no. 2: 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11020144

APA Style

Popović Milovanović, T., Iličić, R., Bagi, F., Aleksić, G., Trkulja, N., Trkulja, V., & Jelušić, A. (2025). Biocontrol of Seedborne Fungi on Small-Grained Cereals Using Bacillus halotolerans Strain B33. Journal of Fungi, 11(2), 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11020144

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