Effect of Aging on Intraventricular Kinetic Energy and Energy Dissipation

Mele, Donato; Beccari, Riccardo; Pedrizzetti, Gianni

doi:10.3390/jcdd10070308

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Effect of Aging on Intraventricular Kinetic Energy and Energy Dissipation

by

Donato Mele

^1,*

,

Riccardo Beccari

¹

and

Gianni Pedrizzetti

²

¹

Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy

²

Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2023, 10(7), 308; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd10070308

Submission received: 2 June 2023 / Revised: 10 July 2023 / Accepted: 17 July 2023 / Published: 19 July 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Diagnostic Imaging for Cardiovascular Disease)

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Abstract

In recent years, analysis of kinetic energy (KE) and the rate of kinetic energy dissipation (KED) or energy loss (EL) within the cardiac chambers, obtained by cardiac imaging techniques, has gained increasing attention. Thus, there is a need to clarify the effect of physiological variables, specifically aging, on these energetic measures. To elucidate this aspect, we reviewed the literature on this topic. Overall, cardiac magnetic resonance and echocardiographic studies published so far indicate that aging affects the energetics of left and right intraventricular blood flow, although not all energy measures during the cardiac cycle seem to be affected by age in the same way. Current studies, however, have limitations. Additional large, multicenter investigations are needed to test the effect of physiological variables on intraventricular KE and KED/EL measures.

Keywords: aging; blood speckle imaging; echocardiography; energy loss; 4D flow cardiac magnetic resonance; HyperDoppler; kinetic energy; kinetic energy dissipation; cardiac ultrasound; vector flow mapping

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mele, D.; Beccari, R.; Pedrizzetti, G. Effect of Aging on Intraventricular Kinetic Energy and Energy Dissipation. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2023, 10, 308. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd10070308

AMA Style

Mele D, Beccari R, Pedrizzetti G. Effect of Aging on Intraventricular Kinetic Energy and Energy Dissipation. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 2023; 10(7):308. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd10070308

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mele, Donato, Riccardo Beccari, and Gianni Pedrizzetti. 2023. "Effect of Aging on Intraventricular Kinetic Energy and Energy Dissipation" Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 10, no. 7: 308. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd10070308

APA Style

Mele, D., Beccari, R., & Pedrizzetti, G. (2023). Effect of Aging on Intraventricular Kinetic Energy and Energy Dissipation. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 10(7), 308. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd10070308

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Effect of Aging on Intraventricular Kinetic Energy and Energy Dissipation

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