Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia spp. Diversity in Ticks and the First Report of Rickettsia hoogstraalii in Romania
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Tick Collection and Identification
2.2. DNA Extraction
2.3. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
2.4. DNA Sequencing
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rickettsia spp. | Tick Species | Host Species | County | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Questing ticks | ||||
Rickettsia spp. 1 | D. marginatus, D. reticulatus | - | Cluj | [27,28] |
R. helvetica 1 | I. ricinus, Hae. punctata | - | Cluj | [28] |
I. ricinus | - | Iași, Tulcea | [29] | |
R. monacensis 1 | I. ricinus | - | Iași, Tulcea | [29] |
I. ricinus, Hae. punctata | - | Cluj | [28] | |
R. raoultii 1 | D. reticulatus | - | Iași | [29] |
R. conorii 1 | Hae. punctata | - | Cluj | [28] |
Ticks collected from hosts | ||||
R. helvetica 1 | I. ricinus | Bos taurus, Equus caballus | Ilfov, Prahova | [30] |
I. ricinus, I. arboricola, I. redikorzevi | Erithacus rubecula, Panurus biarmicus, Turdus merula, T. philomelos | Constanța | [31] | |
I. ricinus | Homo sapiens | Cluj | [32] | |
I. ricinus | H. sapiens | Sibiu | [33] | |
I. ricinus, I. hexagonus | Erinaceus roumanicus | Cluj | [28] | |
I. ricinus | E. rubecula, T. merula | Cluj | [28] | |
I. ricinus | Talpa europea | Cluj | [28] | |
R. monacensis 1 | I. ricinus | Canis familiaris | Ilfov | [34] |
I. ricinus, I. arboricola, Hae. concinna | E. rubecula, T. merula, T. philomelos | Constanța | [31] | |
I. ricinus | H. sapiens | Cluj | [32] | |
I. ricinus | H. sapiens | Sibiu | [33] | |
I. ricinus, D. reticulatus, R. sanguineus | C. familiaris, Felis catus, Ovis aries, Vulpes vulpes | Satu-Mare, Călărași, Ilfov, Timiș, Dâmbovița, Mehedinți | [35] | |
I. ricinus, I. hexagonus, Hae. punctata | E. roumanicus | Cluj | [28] | |
Hae. concina | Sturnus vulgaris | Cluj | [28] | |
R. raoultii 1 | D. marginatus | B. taurus, O. aries | Dâmbovița, Satu-Mare, Vâlcea | [30] |
D. reticulatus | C. familiaris | Ilfov | [34] | |
D. marginatus | H. sapiens | Sibiu | [33] | |
D. marginatus, D. reticulatus, R. sanguineus | C. familiaris, Capra hircus, O. aries | Ilfov, Călărași, Covasna, Dâmbovița, Bistrița-Năsăud, Mehedinți, Vâlcea | [35] | |
R. slovaca 1 | D. marginatus | B. taurus | Dâmbovița | [30] |
D. reticulatus | C. familiaris | Ilfov | [34] | |
I. ricinus | T. merula | Constanța | [31] | |
I. ricinus, D. marginatus, R. sanguineus | C. familiaris, Capra hircus, O. aries, V. vulpes | Călărași, lfov, Covasna, Timiș, Mehedinți, Vâlcea | [35] | |
R. aeschlimannii 1 | Hy. marginatum | B. taurus | Bistrița-Năsăud | [35] |
Hae. concina | S. vulgaris | Cluj | [28] | |
R. conorii 1 | R. sanguineus | C. familiaris | Ilfov | [34] |
R. felis 1 | I. ricinus | T. merula | Cluj | [28] |
R. massiliae 1 | I. ricinus, I. arboricola | T. philomelos | Constanța | [31] |
Vertebrate host tissues | ||||
R. helvetica 1 | - - | Parus major, Corvus frugilegus | Cluj | [28] |
E. roumanicus | Cluj | [28] | ||
R. monacensis 1 | - | T. merula | Cluj | [28] |
- | Apodemus agrarius, A. sylvaticus, Mus musculus | Cluj | [28] | |
- | Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Nyctalus noctula | Alba, Neamț | [36] | |
R. slovaca 2 | - | H. sapiens | Ilfov | [37] |
R. massiliae2 | - | H. sapiens | Ilfov | [37] |
R. slovaca/R. raoultii 2 | - | H. sapiens | Ilfov | [37] |
R. conorii 3 | - | H. sapiens | Unspecified | [38] |
R. conorii 3 | - | H. sapiens | Unspecified | [39] |
Fragments of Genes | Names of Gene | Citations |
---|---|---|
Rsfg877: GGGGGCCTGCTCACGGCGG | gltA | [43] |
Rsfg1258: ATTGCAAAAAGTACAGTGAACA | ||
rickP3: GGAACACTTCTTGGCGGTG | 17-kDa | [44] |
rickP2: CATTGTCCGTCAGGTTGGCG | ||
rickP5: GCATTACTTGGTTCTCAATTCGG | ||
rickP4: AACCGTAATTGCCGTTATCCGG |
Tick sp. | Origin | Developmental Stage | Sex | Prevalence % (n/Total) | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haemaphysalis punctata | Questing | AD | F | 7.14% (1/14) | 0.18–33.87 |
M | 7.14% (1/14) | 0.18–33.87 | |||
N | 6.98% (3/43) | 1.46–19.06 | |||
L | 6.9% (2/29) | 3.99–10.04 | |||
Total | 7.00% (7/100) | 5.02–7.87 | |||
Ixodes ricinus | Questing | AD | M | 6.84% (27/395) | 4.74–9.76 |
F | 6.55% (19/290) | 3.99–10.04 | |||
N | 5.83% (25/429) | 3.98–8.46 | |||
L | 0% (0/14) | NA | |||
Total | 6.29% (71/1128) | 2.86–13.89% | |||
Dermacentor marginatus | Questing | AD | F | 1.98% (5/253) | 0.64–4.55% |
M | 1.57% (4/254) | 0.43–3.98% | |||
Total | 1.78% (9/507) | 0.94–3.34% | |||
Dermacentor reticulatus | Questing | AD | F | 0% (0/94) | NA |
M | 0% (0/71) | NA | |||
Total | 0% (0/128) | NA | |||
Rhipicephalus rossicus | Engorged | AD | F | 33.33% (23/69) | 22.44–45.71% |
M | 13.56% (8/59) | 6.04–24.98% | |||
Total | 24.22% (31/128) | 17.09–32.58% |
County | Prevalence % (n/Total) | 95% CI |
---|---|---|
Alba | 18.18 (2/11) | 2.28–51.78 |
Argeș | 6 (6/100) | 2.23–12.60 |
Bacău | 5.63 (4/71) | 1.56–13.8 |
Bihor | 6.1 (10/164) | 2.96–10.93 |
Bistrița-Năsăud | 2.50 (1/40) | 0.06–13.16 |
Brașov | 20 (1/5) | 0.51–71.64 |
Buzău | 7.5 (3/40) | 1.57–20.39 |
Cluj | 3.5 (7/200) | 1.42–7.08 |
Covasna | 7.5 (3/40) | 1.57–20.39 |
Dolj | 50 (5/10) | 18.71–81.29 |
Ilfov | 10 (2/20) | 1.23–31.70 |
Iași | 4.12 (4/97) | 1.13–10.22 |
Mehedinți | 30 (3/10) | 6.67–65.25 |
Maramureș | 8 (6/75) | 2.99–16.6 |
Mureș | 3.64 (4/110) | 1.00–9.05 |
Neamț | 10 (5/50) | 3.33–21.81 |
Sălaj | 1.35 (4/297) | 0.37–3.41 |
Suceava | 1.67 (1/60) | 0.04–8.94 |
Tulcea | 23.87 (37/155) | 17.4–31.37 |
Vâlcea | 15 (4/40) | 5.71–29.84 |
Vrancea | 20 (2/10) | 2.52–55.61 |
Vaslui | 9.09 (2/22) | 1.12–29.16 |
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Ivan, T.; Matei, I.A.; Novac, C.Ș.; Kalmár, Z.; Borșan, S.-D.; Panait, L.-C.; Gherman, C.M.; Ionică, A.M.; Papuc, I.; Mihalca, A.D. Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia spp. Diversity in Ticks and the First Report of Rickettsia hoogstraalii in Romania. Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9070343
Ivan T, Matei IA, Novac CȘ, Kalmár Z, Borșan S-D, Panait L-C, Gherman CM, Ionică AM, Papuc I, Mihalca AD. Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia spp. Diversity in Ticks and the First Report of Rickettsia hoogstraalii in Romania. Veterinary Sciences. 2022; 9(7):343. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9070343
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvan, Talida, Ioana Adriana Matei, Cristiana Ștefania Novac, Zsuzsa Kalmár, Silvia-Diana Borșan, Luciana-Cătălina Panait, Călin Mircea Gherman, Angela Monica Ionică, Ionel Papuc, and Andrei Daniel Mihalca. 2022. "Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia spp. Diversity in Ticks and the First Report of Rickettsia hoogstraalii in Romania" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 7: 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9070343