Joint Application of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis Improves Growth Performance, Immune Function and Intestinal Integrity in Weaned Piglets
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals, Diets, and Experimental Design
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. Analysis of Samples
2.4. Histomorphology Analysis
2.5. Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Analysis
2.6. Real-Time Quantitative PCR
2.7. Microbial Analysis
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Growth Performance and Diarrhea Incidence
3.2. Liver Function and Intestinal Permeability
3.3. Serum Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function
3.4. Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function
3.5. Intestinal Morphology and Number of Goblet Cells
3.6. Lactic Acid and SCFA Concentrations
3.7. Colonic Expression of Tight Junction Functions and Host Defense Peptides
3.8. Microbial Diversity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ingredients, % | Control |
---|---|
Corn | 56.45 |
Soybean meal | 13.50 |
Whey powder | 10.00 |
Fish meal | 3.00 |
Soy protein concentrate | 5.00 |
Extruded full-fat soybean | 5.00 |
Sucrose | 2.00 |
Soybean oil | 1.30 |
Dicalcium phosphate | 1.20 |
Limestone | 0.75 |
NaCl | 0.20 |
L-Lysine-HCl | 0.45 |
DL-Methionine | 0.20 |
L-Threonine | 0.15 |
L-Tryptophan | 0.10 |
L-Valine | 0.20 |
Premix 1 | 0.50 |
Nutritive levels, % | |
Digestible energy, MJ/kg 2 | 14.82 |
Crude protein | 18.95 |
Calcium | 0.83 |
Phosphorus | 0.66 |
Target Genes | Primer | Primer Sequence (5′→3′) |
---|---|---|
β-Actin | Forward | CCAGGTCATCACCATCGGCAAC |
Reverse | CAGCACCGTGTTGGCGTAGAG | |
Mucin-1 | Forward | GTGCCGACGAAAGAACTG |
Reverse | TGCCAGGTTCGAGTAAGAG | |
Mucin-2 | Forward | CTGTGTGGGGCCTGACAA |
Reverse | AGTGCTTGCAGTCGAACTCA | |
ZO-1 | Forward | GCCATCCACTCCTGCCTAT |
Reverse | CGGGACCTGCTCATAACTTC | |
Occludin | Forward | CAGCAGCAGTGGTAACTTGG |
Reverse | CAGCAGCAGTGGTAACTTGG | |
Claudin-1 | Forward | AAGGACAAAACCGTGTGGGA |
Reverse | CTCTCCCCACATTCGAGATGATT | |
pBD-1 | Forward | TGCCACAGGTGCCGATCT |
Reverse | CTGTTAGCTGCTTAAGGAATAAAGGC | |
pBD-2 | Forward | CCAGAGGTCCGACCACTACA |
Reverse | GGTCCCTTCAATCCTGTTGAA | |
PG1-5 | Forward | GTAGGTTCTGCGTCTGTGTCG |
Reverse | CAAATCCTTCACCGTCTACCA |
Mixture of Probiotics | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Items | NC | PC | LT | MT | HT | SEM | p-Value |
Body weight | |||||||
d 0 | 7.90 | 7.91 | 7.91 | 7.90 | 7.90 | 0.13 | 0.99 |
d 14 | 11.88 | 12.12 | 12.17 | 11.98 | 11.99 | 0.32 | 0.91 |
d 28 | 17.88 | 18.60 | 19.28 | 18.96 | 19.00 | 0.58 | 0.16 |
d 42 | 27.50 | 28.70 | 29.82 | 29.28 | 29.34 | 0.92 | 0.11 |
d 0–14 | |||||||
ADFI | 418 | 427 | 440 | 411 | 434 | 15 | 0.75 |
ADG | 285 | 303 | 307 | 293 | 294 | 9 | 0.45 |
FCR | 1.47 | 1.41 | 1.45 | 1.41 | 1.48 | 0.01 | 0.41 |
d 14–28 | |||||||
ADFI | 720 c | 743 bc | 812 a | 762 ab | 777 ab | 17 | 0.01 |
ADG | 430 c | 465 b | 511 a | 500 a | 502 a | 11 | 0.01 |
FCR | 1.68 a | 1.6 ab | 1.59 ab | 1.53 b | 1.55 b | 0.01 | 0.01 |
d 28–42 | |||||||
ADFI | 1245 c | 1287 bc | 1412 a | 1322 b | 1352 ab | 18 | 0.01 |
ADG | 692 c | 710 bc | 758 a | 741 ab | 743 ab | 12 | 0.01 |
FCR | 1.81 | 1.82 | 1.87 | 1.79 | 1.82 | 0.02 | 0.23 |
Diarrhea incidence, % | |||||||
d 0–14 | 1.72 | 1.06 | 2.51 | 0.93 | 1.46 | 0.83 | 0.89 |
d 14–28 | 3.57 | 1.98 | 2.65 | 1.72 | 3.44 | 1.04 | 0.74 |
d 0–28 | 2.79 | 1.57 | 2.72 | 1.35 | 2.60 | 0.94 | 0.81 |
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Liu, Y.; Gu, W.; Liu, X.; Zou, Y.; Wu, Y.; Xu, Y.; Han, D.; Wang, J.; Zhao, J. Joint Application of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis Improves Growth Performance, Immune Function and Intestinal Integrity in Weaned Piglets. Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9120668
Liu Y, Gu W, Liu X, Zou Y, Wu Y, Xu Y, Han D, Wang J, Zhao J. Joint Application of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis Improves Growth Performance, Immune Function and Intestinal Integrity in Weaned Piglets. Veterinary Sciences. 2022; 9(12):668. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9120668
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Yisi, Wei Gu, Xiaoyi Liu, Youwei Zou, Yujun Wu, Youhan Xu, Dandan Han, Junjun Wang, and Jinbiao Zhao. 2022. "Joint Application of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis Improves Growth Performance, Immune Function and Intestinal Integrity in Weaned Piglets" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 12: 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9120668