Molecular Survey of Babesia and Anaplasma Infection in Cattle in Bolivia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Blood Sampling and DNA Extraction
2.2. Detection and Characterisation of Babesia spp.
2.3. Detection and Characterisation of Anaplasmataceae
2.4. Sanger Sequencing
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Detection and Characterisation of Babesia
3.2. Detection and Characterisation of Anaplasmataceae
3.3. Co-Infection
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primer | Sequence (5′-3′) | Target Gene | Organism | Annealing Temperature (°C) | Purpose | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EHR16SD | GGTACCYACAGAAGAAGTCC | 16S rDNA | Anaplasmataceae | 55 | PCR | [26] |
EHR16SR | TAGCACTCATCGTTTACAGC | |||||
Pglt-F | ATGAWAGAAAAWGCTGTTTT | gltA | Anaplasma | 60 | Sequencing | [16] |
Pglt-R1 | TCATGRTCTGCATGCATKATG | |||||
Pglt-R2 | CATGCATKATGAARATMGCAT | |||||
Pglt-L-F1 | GATGCWCATCCYATSGCMATGT | gltA | Anaplasma | 60 | Sequencing | [16] |
Pglt-L-F2 | CGTGMTSGCTATAGCGMAART | |||||
Pglt-L-R | TCAYACCATTGDGAYRCCCAT | |||||
Pgro-F1 | TTGATCATCGCTGAAGACGT | groEL | Anaplasma | 60 | Sequencing | [16] |
Pgro-F2 | ACTCTCGTCTTGAACAAGCT | |||||
Pgro-R | CCACTCTGTCTTTACGCTCT | |||||
Pgro-F-F | AAATGKCAAATACGGTWGTC | groEL | Anaplasma | 60 | Sequencing | [16] |
Pgro-F-R1 | ACAACACCTTCCTCKACAGC | |||||
Pgro-F-R2 | CTGKCTTTRCGYTCTTTAACTTC | |||||
Pgro-L-F1 | GAYGGTATGCAGTTTGATCGCG | groEL | Anaplasma | 60 | Sequencing | [16] |
Pgro-L-F2 | ATGCAGTTTGATCGCGGWTATC | |||||
Pgro-L-R | CAGCRAGGTCGAAYGCAATAC | |||||
BTH 1st F | GTGAAACTGCGAATGGCTCATTAC | 18S rDNA | Babesia | 55 | PCR | [24] |
BTH 1st R | AAGTGATAAGGTTCACAAAACTTCCC | Theileria | ||||
BTH 2nd F | GGCTCATTACAACAGTTATAGTTTATTTG | Hepatozoon | ||||
BTH 2nd R | CGGTCCGAATAATTCACCGGAT | |||||
BTH18SinterF | ATTTTCCGACTCCTTCAGCA | 18S rDNA | Babesia | NA | Sequencing | This study |
BTH18SinterR | AACTAAGAACGGCCATGCAC |
Region | Breed | Number | Babesia | Anaplasma (EHR PCR) | Anaplasma (groEL) | Anaplasma (gltA) | Co-Infection |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
University Farm 1 | Holstein | 10 | 5 (50%) | 8 (80%) | 8 (80%) | 5 (50%) | 5 (50%) |
University Farm 2 | Nelore | 10 | 2 (20%) | 2 (20%) | 1 (10%) | - | 2 (20%) |
Gyr | 10 | - | 6 (60%) | 6 (60%) | 3 (30%) | - | |
Gyrolando | 8 | 1 (13%) | 7 (88%) | 5 (63%) | 1 (13%) | 1 (13%) | |
University Farm 3 | Criollo | 22 | 1 (5%) | 7 (32%) | 2 (9%) | 5 (23%) | - |
Private Farm 1 | Nelore | 10 | - | - | - | - | - |
Mestizo | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |
Senepol | 10 | - | - | - | - | - | |
Private Farm 2 | Nelore | 11 | - | 1 (9%) | - | - | - |
Neloblanca | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
Private Farm 3 | Nelore | 10 | - | 1 (10%) | - | - | - |
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Ogata, S.; Pereira, J.A.C.; Jhonny, L.V.A.; Carolina, H.P.G.; Matsuno, K.; Orba, Y.; Sawa, H.; Kawamori, F.; Nonaka, N.; Nakao, R. Molecular Survey of Babesia and Anaplasma Infection in Cattle in Bolivia. Vet. Sci. 2021, 8, 188. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8090188
Ogata S, Pereira JAC, Jhonny LVA, Carolina HPG, Matsuno K, Orba Y, Sawa H, Kawamori F, Nonaka N, Nakao R. Molecular Survey of Babesia and Anaplasma Infection in Cattle in Bolivia. Veterinary Sciences. 2021; 8(9):188. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8090188
Chicago/Turabian StyleOgata, Shohei, Juan Antonio Cristian Pereira, Loza Vega Ariel Jhonny, Herbas Perez Gladys Carolina, Keita Matsuno, Yasuko Orba, Hirofumi Sawa, Fumihiko Kawamori, Nariaki Nonaka, and Ryo Nakao. 2021. "Molecular Survey of Babesia and Anaplasma Infection in Cattle in Bolivia" Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 9: 188. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8090188