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Volume 7
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Article

Effects of Synthetic Acaricides and Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) on Molecules Associated with Chemical Communication and Recognition in Honey Bees

by
Martín Pablo Porrini
1,*,
Paula Melisa Garrido
1,
María Laura Umpiérrez
2,
Leonardo Pablo Porrini
1,
Antonella Cuniolo
1,
Belén Davyt
2,
Andrés González
2,
Martín Javier Eguaras
1 and
Carmen Rossini
2
1
Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
2
Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República Uruguay, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vet. Sci. 2020, 7(4), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040199
Submission received: 6 October 2020 / Revised: 3 December 2020 / Accepted: 3 December 2020 / Published: 8 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Honey Bee Health)
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Abstract

Acaricides and the gut parasite Nosema ceranae are commonly present in most productive hives. Those stressors could be affecting key semiochemicals, which act as homeostasis regulators in Apis mellifera colonies, such as cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) involved in social recognition and ethyl oleate (EO) which plays a role as primer pheromone in honey bees. Here we test the effect of amitraz, coumaphos, tau-fluvalinate and flumethrin, commonly applied to treat varroosis, on honey bee survival time, rate of food consumption, CHC profiles and EO production on N. ceranae-infected and non-infected honey bees. Different sublethal concentrations of amitraz, coumaphos, tau-fluvalinate and flumethrin were administered chronically in a syrup-based diet. After treatment, purified hole-body extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. While N. ceranae infection was also shown to decrease EO production affecting survival rates, acaricides showed no significant effect on this pheromone. As for the CHC, we found no changes in relation to the health status or consumption of acaricides. This absence of alteration in EO or CHC as response to acaricides ingestion or in combination with N. ceranae, suggests that worker honey bees exposed to those highly ubiquitous drugs are hardly differentiated by nest-mates. Having determined a synergic effect on mortality in worker bees exposed to coumaphos and Nosema infection but also, alterations in EO production as a response to N. ceranae infection it is an interesting clue to deeper understand the effects of parasite-host-pesticide interaction on colony functioning.
Keywords: Apis mellifera; nosemosis; acaricides; primer pheromone; hydrocarbon profiles; survival Apis mellifera; nosemosis; acaricides; primer pheromone; hydrocarbon profiles; survival

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MDPI and ACS Style

Porrini, M.P.; Garrido, P.M.; Umpiérrez, M.L.; Porrini, L.P.; Cuniolo, A.; Davyt, B.; González, A.; Eguaras, M.J.; Rossini, C. Effects of Synthetic Acaricides and Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) on Molecules Associated with Chemical Communication and Recognition in Honey Bees. Vet. Sci. 2020, 7, 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040199

AMA Style

Porrini MP, Garrido PM, Umpiérrez ML, Porrini LP, Cuniolo A, Davyt B, González A, Eguaras MJ, Rossini C. Effects of Synthetic Acaricides and Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) on Molecules Associated with Chemical Communication and Recognition in Honey Bees. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7(4):199. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040199

Chicago/Turabian Style

Porrini, Martín Pablo, Paula Melisa Garrido, María Laura Umpiérrez, Leonardo Pablo Porrini, Antonella Cuniolo, Belén Davyt, Andrés González, Martín Javier Eguaras, and Carmen Rossini. 2020. "Effects of Synthetic Acaricides and Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) on Molecules Associated with Chemical Communication and Recognition in Honey Bees" Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 4: 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040199

APA Style

Porrini, M. P., Garrido, P. M., Umpiérrez, M. L., Porrini, L. P., Cuniolo, A., Davyt, B., González, A., Eguaras, M. J., & Rossini, C. (2020). Effects of Synthetic Acaricides and Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) on Molecules Associated with Chemical Communication and Recognition in Honey Bees. Veterinary Sciences, 7(4), 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040199

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