Humoral Immune Responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei Antigens in Captive and Wild Macaques in the Western Part of Java, Indonesia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Blood Sampling in Cynomolgus Macaques and Pig-Tailed Macaques
2.2. Antigen Preparation
2.3. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
3. Results
3.1. Absorbance Results
3.2. Demography
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographic Factors | n | N of Seropositive Animals in Each Assay (%) 1 | Overall Seropositivity 3 (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LPS 2 | AhpC | Hcp1 | OmpH | |||
Animal species | ||||||
M. fascicularis * | 182 | 72 (39.6) | 101 (55.5) | 58 (31.9) | 87 (47.8) | 139 (76.4) |
M. nemestrina | 88 | 11 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 12 (13.6) |
Sex | ||||||
Female | 171 | 59 (34.5) | 54 (31.6) | 47 (27.5) | 53 (31.0) | 91 (53.2) |
Male | 99 | 24 (24.2) | 47 (47.5) | 11 (11.1) | 35 (35.3) | 60 (60.6) |
Location | ||||||
Jonggol * | 132 | 49 (37.1) | 100 (75.7) * | 58 (43.9) * | 87 (65.9) * | 116 (87.9) |
Darmaga | 75 | 9 (12.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.3) | 10 (13.3) |
Lodaya | 22 | 3 (13.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (13.6) |
Tinjil | 41 | 22 (53.7) | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (53.7) |
Age | ||||||
1–2 | 10 | 1 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (10.0) |
2–3 | 2 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
3–4 | 52 | 18 (34.6) | 37 (71.1) | 18 (34.6) | 29 (55.8) | 42 (80.8) |
4–5 | 88 | 23 (26.1) | 25 (28.4) | 19 (21.6) | 31 (35.2) | 45 (51.1) |
5–6 | 93 | 34 (36.5) | 29 (31.2) | 21 (22.6) | 27 (29.0) | 55 (59.1) |
6–7 | 11 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
7–8 | 8 | 4 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (50.0) |
9–10 | 4 | 3 (75.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (75.0) |
10–11 | 2 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) |
Habitat 4 | ||||||
Captivity | 229 | 61 (26.6) | 100 (43.7) | 58 (25.3) | 88 (38.4) | 129 (56.3) |
Wild | 41 | 22 (53.6) | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (53.7) |
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Testamenti, V.A.; Noviana, R.; Iskandriati, D.; Norris, M.H.; Jiranantasak, T.; Tuanyok, A.; Wahyudi, A.T.; Sajuthi, D.; Pamungkas, J. Humoral Immune Responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei Antigens in Captive and Wild Macaques in the Western Part of Java, Indonesia. Vet. Sci. 2020, 7, 153. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040153
Testamenti VA, Noviana R, Iskandriati D, Norris MH, Jiranantasak T, Tuanyok A, Wahyudi AT, Sajuthi D, Pamungkas J. Humoral Immune Responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei Antigens in Captive and Wild Macaques in the Western Part of Java, Indonesia. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7(4):153. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040153
Chicago/Turabian StyleTestamenti, Vincentius Arca, Rachmitasari Noviana, Diah Iskandriati, Michael H. Norris, Treenate Jiranantasak, Apichai Tuanyok, Aris Tri Wahyudi, Dondin Sajuthi, and Joko Pamungkas. 2020. "Humoral Immune Responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei Antigens in Captive and Wild Macaques in the Western Part of Java, Indonesia" Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 4: 153. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040153