Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Rabies in El Jadida Region, Morocco
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Survey of the Rural Population
2.3. Survey Method
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Community Members
3.2. Knowledge about Rabies
3.3. Attitudes toward Dogs
3.4. Rabies Practices
3.5. Factors Associated with Rabies-Related KAP
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Frequency | Percentage | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | <19 | 4 | 1.0% |
20–30 | 36 | 8.8% | |
31–40 | 77 | 18.9% | |
>40 | 290 | 71.3% | |
Gender | Male | 376 | 92.4% |
Female | 31 | 7.6% | |
Educational level | No formal education | 270 | 66.3% |
Primary | 88 | 21.6% | |
Secondary | 30 | 7.4% | |
Tertiary | 19 | 4.7% | |
Marital status | Single | 25 | 6.1% |
Married | 369 | 90.7% | |
Divorced | 7 | 1.7% | |
Widowed | 6 | 1.5% | |
Occupation | Business man/woman | 13 | 3.2% |
Civil servant | 24 | 5.9% | |
Unemployed | 17 | 4.2% | |
Farmer | 351 | 86.2% | |
Student | 2 | 0.5% | |
Number of children | 0 | 33 | 8.1% |
1 | 18 | 4.4% | |
2 | 57 | 14.0% | |
3 | 68 | 18.7% | |
>3 | 231 | 56.8% | |
Number of dogs owned | 0 | 27 | 6.6% |
1 | 42 | 10.3% | |
2 | 176 | 43.2% | |
3 | 61 | 15.0% | |
>3 | 101 | 24.8% | |
Bitten by a dog before | No | 324 | 79.6% |
Yes | 83 | 20.4% |
Statement | Agree | Disagree | Don’t Know | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency | Percentage | Frequency | Percentage | Frequency | Percentage | |
Rabiesexists in Morocco | 309 | 75.9% | 83 | 20.4% | 15 | 3.7% |
Pathogen that causes rabies affects the nerves | 190 | 46.7% | 11 | 2.7% | 206 | 50.6% |
Rabiescankill | 363 | 89.2% | 22 | 5.4% | 22 | 5.4% |
All animals can be infected with and transmit rabies virus | 237 | 58.2% | 142 | 34.9% | 28 | 6.9% |
Dogs are a possible common source of rabies virus in Morocco | 380 | 93.4% | 9 | 2.2% | 18 | 4.4% |
All humans can be infected with rabies | 289 | 71.0% | 94 | 23.1% | 24 | 5.9% |
Bites from an infected animal can spread rabies organism to another animal | 303 | 74.5% | 75 | 18.4% | 29 | 7.1% |
Rabies is spread through saliva of a rabid animal | 243 | 59.7% | 87 | 21.4% | 77 | 18.9% |
Age of first vaccination of dogs is 3 months | 60 | 14.7% | 89 | 21.9% | 258 | 63.4% |
An infected human can transmit rabies to another human through contact | 218 | 53.6% | 72 | 17.7% | 117 | 28.8% |
Dog bites increase your chances of getting rabies | 293 | 72.0% | 77 | 18.9% | 37 | 9.1% |
A friendly dog that suddenly turns aggressive may have rabies | 346 | 85.0% | 19 | 4.7% | 42 | 10.3% |
Excessive foamy salivation and tendency to bite anything are signs of rabies in dogs | 187 | 46.0% | 91 | 22.4% | 129 | 31.7% |
It is against the law to not vaccinate dogs against rabies | 320 | 78.6% | 15 | 3.7% | 72 | 17.7% |
Will present rabies vaccination certificate on request | 291 | 76.6% | 26 | 6.8% | 63 | 16.6% |
Dog registration and licensing can help in the control of rabies | 302 | 74.2% | 9 | 2.2% | 96 | 23.6% |
Vaccination of dogs against rabies should be repeated yearly | 276 | 67.8% | 15 | 3.7% | 116 | 28.5% |
Statement | Agree | Disagree | Don’t Know | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency | Percentage | Frequency | Percentage | Frequency | Percentage | |
I do not allow stray dogs to roam freely into my compound | 282 | 69.3% | 111 | 27.3% | 14 | 3.4% |
A dog that bites someone should be caught and killed | 221 | 54.3% | 96 | 23.6% | 90 | 22.1% |
It is not good to nurse an unknown sick dog | 166 | 40.8% | 212 | 52.1% | 29 | 7.1% |
If I am bitten by a dog, I will go to the hospital | 288 | 70.8% | 96 | 23.6% | 23 | 5.7% |
It is good to let dogs roam to get food because it makes them grow stronger | 264 | 64.9% | 102 | 25.1% | 41 | 10.1% |
It is inhumane/bad to confine your dog(s) | 274 | 67.3% | 84 | 20.6% | 49 | 12.0% |
It is good not play with unknown dogs | 342 | 84.0% | 38 | 9.3% | 27 | 6.6% |
Keeping dogs that are not vaccinated against rabies is dangerous and should be avoided | 173 | 42.5% | 105 | 25.8% | 129 | 31.7% |
Children should be allowed to play with dogs | 163 | 40.1% | 210 | 51.6% | 34 | 8.4% |
Question | Agree | Disagree | Don’t know | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency | Percentage | Frequency | Percentage | Frequency | Percentage | ||
It is good to keep dogs? | 262 | 64.4% | 133 | 32.7% | 12 | 3.0% | |
Is it good to vaccinate your dog(s)? | 275 | 67.6% | 12 | 3.0% | 120 | 29.5% | |
It is good to wash dog bite wounds with soap? | 228 | 56.0% | 11 | 2.7% | 168 | 41.3% | |
It is good to have a cage for your dog(s)? | 144 | 35.4% | 218 | 53.6% | 45 | 11.1% | |
It is not a good practice to castrate/spay dogs? | 183 | 45.0% | 172 | 42.3% | 52 | 12.8% | |
If a person is bitten by a dog, what should be done? | Do nothing | 123 | 30.2% | 206 | 50.6% | 78 | 19.2% |
Take the victim to a chemist for treatment | 5 | 1.2% | 301 | 74.0% | 101 | 24.8% | |
Treat using traditional medicine | 215 | 52.8% | 181 | 44.5% | 11 | 2.7% | |
Take the victim to a veterinary clinic | 240 | 58.97% | 135 | 33.17% | 32 | 7.86% | |
Take the victim to a hospital | 281 | 69.04% | 103 | 25.31% | 23 | 5.65% |
Statement | Age (years) | Gender | Educational Level | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<19 | 20–30 | 31–40 | >40 | Male | Female | No Formal Education | Primary | Secondary | Tertiary | ||
All animals can be infected with and can transmit rabies virus | Agree | 3 (75.0%) | 27 (75.0%) | 66 (85.7%) | 141 (48.6%) | 213 (56.6%) | 24 (77.4%) | 125 (46.3%) | 73 (82.9%) | 21 (70.0%) | 18 (94.7%) |
Disagree | 0 (0%) | 3 (8.33%) | 5 (6.5%) | 134 (46.2%) | 137 (36.4%) | 5 (16.1%) | 132 (48.9%) | 5 (5.7%) | 4 (13.3%) | 1 (5.3%) | |
Don’t know | 1 (25.0%) | 6 (16.7%) | 6 (7.8%) | 15 (5.2%) | 26 (6.9%) | 2 (6.4%) | 13 (4.8%) | 10 (11.4%) | 5 (16.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
Chi-square | 61.9 | 5.5 | 76.1 | ||||||||
Df | 6 | 2 | 6 | ||||||||
p-value | 0.0000 | 0.0634 | 0.0000 | ||||||||
Dogs are a possible common source of rabies virus in Morocco | Agree | 3 (75.0%) | 31 (86.1%) | 65 (84.4%) | 281 (96.9%) | 352 (93.6%) | 28 (90.3%) | 259 (95.9%) | 77 (87.5%) | 25 (83.3%) | 19 (100%) |
Disagree | 1 (25.0%) | 2 (5.6%) | 4 (5.2%) | 2 (0.7%) | 7 (1.9%) | 2 (6.4%) | 2 (0.7%) | 4 (4.5%) | 3 (10.0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Don’t know | 0 (0%) | 3 (8.3%) | 8 (10.4%) | 7 (2.4%) | 17 (4.5%) | 1 (3.2%) | 9 (3.3%) | 7 (7.9%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
Chi-square | 29.0 | 2.9 | 18.8 | ||||||||
Df | 6 | 2 | 6 | ||||||||
p-value | 0.0001 | 0.24 | 0.0046 | ||||||||
Rabies is spread through saliva of a rabid animal | Agree | 4 (100%) | 17 (47.2%) | 53 (68.8%) | 169 (58.3%) | 224 (59.6%) | 19 (61.3%) | 150 (55.6%) | 55 (62.5%) | 20 (66.7%) | 18 (94.7%) |
Disagree | 0 (0%) | 4 (11.1%) | 7 (9.1%) | 76 (26.2%) | 8 (21.3%) | 7 (22.6%) | 79 (29.3%) | 5 (5.7%) | 3 (10.0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Don’t know | 0 (0%) | 15 (41.7%) | 17 (22.1%) | 45 (15.5%) | 72 (19.1%) | 5 (16.1%) | 41 (15.2%) | 28 (31.8%) | 7 (23.3%) | 1 (5.3%) | |
Chi-square | 27.21 | 0.17 | 40.82 | ||||||||
Df | 6 | 2 | 6 | ||||||||
p-value | 0.0001 | 0.91 | 0.0000 | ||||||||
I do not allow stray dogs to roam freely into my compound | Agree | 3 (75.0%) | 31 (86.1%) | 67 (87.0%) | 181 (62.4%) | 262 (69.7%) | 20 (64.5%) | 154 (57.0%) | 82 (93.2%) | 27 (90.0%) | 19 (100%) |
Disagree | 1 (25.0%) | 3 (8.3%) | 7 (9.1%) | 100 (34.5%) | 103 (27.4%) | 8 (25.8%) | 106 (39.3%) | 3 (3.4%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
Don’t know | 0 (0%) | 2 (5.6%) | 3 (3.9%) | 9 (3.1%) | 11 (2.9%) | 3 (9.7%) | 10 (3.7%) | 3 (3.4%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
Chi-square | 27.31 | 3.93 | 60.70 | ||||||||
Df | 6 | 2 | 6 | ||||||||
p-value | 0.0001 | 0.14 | 0.0000 | ||||||||
A dog that bites someone should be caught and killed | Agree | 2 (50.0%) | 21 (58.3%) | 62 (80.5%) | 136 (46.9%) | 205 (54.5%) | 16 (51.6%) | 111 (41.1%) | 73 (82.9%) | 18 (60.0%) | 19 (100%) |
Disagree | 2 (50.0%) | 7 (19.4%) | 10 (13.0%) | 77 (26.5%) | 86 (22.9%) | 10 (32.3%) | 82 (30.4%) | 8 (9.1%) | 6 (20.0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Don’t know | 0 (0%) | 8 (22.22%) | 5 (6.49%) | 77 (26.55%) | 85 (22.61%) | 5 (16.13%) | 77 (28.52%) | 7 (7.95%) | 6 (20.0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Chi-square | 30.95 | 1.66 | 64.44 | ||||||||
Df | 6 | 2 | 6 | ||||||||
p-value | 0.0000 | 0.44 | 0.0000 | ||||||||
Keeping dogs that are not vaccinated against rabies is dangerous and should be avoided | Agree | 3 (75.0%) | 21 (58.3%) | 45 (58.4%) | 104 (35.9%) | 161 (42.8%) | 12 (38.7%) | 80 (29.6%) | 54 (61.4%) | 22 (73.3%) | 17 (89.5%) |
Disagree | 1 (25.0%) | 8 (22.2%) | 10 (13.0%) | 86 (29.7%) | 94 (25.0%) | 11 (35.5%) | 90 (33.3%) | 11 (12.5%) | 3 (10.0%) | 1 (5.26%) | |
Don’t know | 0 (0%) | 7 (19.4%) | 22 (28.6%) | 100 (34.9%) | 121 (32.2%) | 8 (25.8%) | 100 (37.0%) | 23 (26.1%) | 5 (16.7) | 1 (5.3%) | |
Chi-square | 21.4 | 1.7 | 62.1 | ||||||||
Df | 6 | 2 | 6 | ||||||||
p-value | 0.0016 | 0.43 | 0.0000 | ||||||||
It is good to keep a dog | Agree | 3 (75.0%) | 23 (63.9%) | 59 (76.6%) | 177 (61.0%) | 249 (66.2%) | 13 (41.9%) | 152 (56.3%) | 72 (81.8%) | 25 (83.3%) | 13 (68.4%) |
Disagree | 0 (0%) | 9 (25.0%) | 15 (19.5%) | 109 (37.6%) | 119 (31.6%) | 14 (45.2%) | 111 (41.1%) | 13 (14.8%) | 3 (10.0%) | 6 (31.6%) | |
Don’t know | 1 (25.0%) | 4 (11.1%) | 3 (3.9%) | 4 (1.4%) | 8 (2.1%) | 4 (12.9%) | 7 (2.6%) | 3 (3.4%) | 2 (6.7%) | 12 (2.9%) | |
Chi-square | 28.0 | 15.5 | 30.0 | ||||||||
Df | 6 | 2 | 6 | ||||||||
p-value | 0.0001 | 0.0004 | 0.0000 | ||||||||
It is good to wash dog bite wounds with soap | Agree | 2 (50.0%) | 18 (50.0%) | 43 (55.8%) | 165 (56.9%) | 217 (57.7%) | 11 (35.9%) | 152 (56.3%) | 44 (50.0%) | 18 (60.0%) | 14 (73.7%) |
Disagree | 1 (25.0%) | 1 (2.8%) | 5 (6.5%) | 4 (1.4%) | 8 (2.1%) | 3 (9.7%) | 3 (1.1%) | 8 (9.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Don’t know | 1 (25.0%) | 17 (47.2%) | 29 (37.7%) | 121 (41.7%) | 151 (40.2%) | 17 (54.8%) | 115 (42.6%) | 36 (40.9%) | 12 (40.0%) | 5 (26.3%) | |
Chi-square | 14.4 | 10.1 | 20.0 | ||||||||
Df | 6 | 2 | 6 | ||||||||
p-value | 0.0250 | 0.0065 | 0.0028 | ||||||||
If a person is bitten by a dog, treat using traditional medicine | Agree | 1 (25.0%) | 11 (30.6%) | 23 (29.9%) | 180 (62.1%) | 194 (51.6%) | 21 (67.7%) | 188 (69.6%) | 20 (22.7%) | 6 (20.0%) | 1 (5.3%) |
Disagree | 3 (75.0%) | 22 (61.1%) | 51 (66.2%) | 105 (36.2%) | 171 (45.5%) | 10 (32.3%) | 76 (28.1%) | 64 (72.7%) | 23 (76.7%) | 18 (94.7%) | |
Don’t know | 0 (0%) | 3 (8.3%) | 3 (3.9%) | 5 (1.7%) | 11 (2.9%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (2.2%) | 4 (4.5%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
Chi-square | 37.8 | 3.4 | 95.4 | ||||||||
Df | 6 | 2 | 6 | ||||||||
p-value | 0.0000 | 0.18 | 0.0000 |
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Bouaddi, K.; Bitar, A.; Bouslikhane, M.; Ferssiwi, A.; Fitani, A.; Mshelbwala, P.P. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Rabies in El Jadida Region, Morocco. Vet. Sci. 2020, 7, 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7010029
Bouaddi K, Bitar A, Bouslikhane M, Ferssiwi A, Fitani A, Mshelbwala PP. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Rabies in El Jadida Region, Morocco. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7(1):29. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7010029
Chicago/Turabian StyleBouaddi, Khadija, Abdelali Bitar, Mohammed Bouslikhane, Abdesslam Ferssiwi, Aziz Fitani, and Philip Paul Mshelbwala. 2020. "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Rabies in El Jadida Region, Morocco" Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 1: 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7010029