Risk Factors for Development of Canine and Human Osteosarcoma: A Comparative Review

Makielski, Kelly M.; Mills, Lauren J.; Sarver, Aaron L.; Henson, Michael S.; Spector, Logan G.; Naik, Shruthi; Modiano, Jaime F.

doi:10.3390/vetsci6020048

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Risk Factors for Development of Canine and Human Osteosarcoma: A Comparative Review

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Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA

Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA

Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

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Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA

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Institute of Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

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Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA

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Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

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Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

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Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Vet. Sci. 2019, 6(2), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6020048

Received: 14 April 2019 / Revised: 14 May 2019 / Accepted: 17 May 2019 / Published: 25 May 2019

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Comparative Oncology: Integrating Naturally Occurring Cancers of Dogs into Investigations of Cancer Biology and Therapy)

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Abstract

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary tumor of bone. Osteosarcomas are rare in humans, but occur more commonly in dogs. A comparative approach to studying osteosarcoma has highlighted many clinical and biologic aspects of the disease that are similar between dogs and humans; however, important species-specific differences are becoming increasingly recognized. In this review, we describe risk factors for the development of osteosarcoma in dogs and humans, including height and body size, genetics, and conditions that increase turnover of bone-forming cells, underscoring the concept that stochastic mutational events associated with cellular replication are likely to be the major molecular drivers of this disease. We also discuss adaptive, cancer-protective traits that have evolved in large, long-lived mammals, and how increasing size and longevity in the absence of natural selection can account for the elevated bone cancer risk in modern domestic dogs. View Full-Text

Keywords: bone cancer; osteosarcoma; dog; human; pediatric; comparative oncology; genetics; risk factors

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MDPI and ACS Style

Makielski, K.M.; Mills, L.J.; Sarver, A.L.; Henson, M.S.; Spector, L.G.; Naik, S.; Modiano, J.F. Risk Factors for Development of Canine and Human Osteosarcoma: A Comparative Review. Vet. Sci. 2019, 6, 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6020048

AMA Style

Makielski KM, Mills LJ, Sarver AL, Henson MS, Spector LG, Naik S, Modiano JF. Risk Factors for Development of Canine and Human Osteosarcoma: A Comparative Review. Veterinary Sciences. 2019; 6(2):48. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6020048

Chicago/Turabian Style

Makielski, Kelly M., Lauren J. Mills, Aaron L. Sarver, Michael S. Henson, Logan G. Spector, Shruthi Naik, and Jaime F. Modiano. 2019. "Risk Factors for Development of Canine and Human Osteosarcoma: A Comparative Review" Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 2: 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6020048

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