Phytochemical Molluscicides and Schistosomiasis: What We Know and What We Still Need to Learn
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Phytochemical Molluscicides and Schistosomiasis: What We Know
3. The Phytochemical Molluscicide Euphorbia milii Latex
4. Phytochemical Molluscicides and Schistosomiasis: What We Still Need to Learn
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Hotez, P.J.; Brindley, P.J.; Bethony, J.M.; King, C.H.; Pearce, E.J.; Jacobson, J. Helminth infections: The great neglected tropical diseases. J. Clin. Investig. 2008, 118, 1311–1321. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Oliveira, G.; Rodrigues, N.B.; Romanha, A.J.; Bahia, D. Genome and genomics of schistosomes. Can. J. Zool. 2004, 82, 375–390. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- King, C.H.; Sutherland, L.J.; Bertsch, D. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Impact of Chemical-Based Mollusciciding for Control of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium Transmission. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2015, 9, e0004290. [Google Scholar]
- Bergquist, N.R.; Leonardo, L.R.; Mitchell, G.F. Vaccine-linked chemotherapy: Can schistosomiasis control benefit from an integrated approach? Trends Parasitol. 2005, 21, 112–117. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Arnesen, T.; Nord, E. The value of DALY life: Problems with ethics and validity of disability adjusted life years. BMJ 1999, 319, 1423–1425. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- World Health Organization, Management of Substance Abuse Unit. Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health, 2014; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Da Rocha Pitta, M.G.; da Rocha Pitta, M.G.; de Melo Rego, M.J.B.; Galdino, S.L. The Evolution of Drugs on Schistosoma Treatment: Looking to the Past to Improve the Future. Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 2013, 13, 493–508. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Parker, M.; Allen, T. Does mass drug administration for the integrated treatment of neglected tropical diseases really work? Assessing evidence for the control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in Uganda. Health Res. Policy Syst. 2011, 9, 3. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Ismail, M.; Attia, M.; Metweally, A.A.; Farghaly, A.M.; Bruce, J.; Bennett, J.; el-Badawy, A.A.; Hussein, M.H. Assessment of praziquantel therapy in treatment of Schistosoma mansoni infection. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. 1994, 24, 231–238. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Gryseels, B.; Mbaye, A.; De Vlas, S.J.; Stelma, F.F.; Guissé, F.; Van Lieshout, L.; Faye, D.; Diop, M.; Ly, A.; Tchuem-Tchuenté, L.A.; et al. Are poor responses to praziquantel for the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni infections in Senegal due to resistance? An overview of the evidence. Trop. Med. Int. Health 2001, 6, 864–873. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Couto, F.F.B.; Coelho, P.M.Z.; Araújo, N.; Kusel, J.R.; Katz, N.; Jannotti-Passos, L.K.; Mattos, A.C. Schistosoma mansoni: A method for inducing resistance to praziquantel using infected Biomphalaria glabrata snails. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 2011, 106, 153–157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Greenberg, R.M. New approaches for understanding mechanisms of drug resistance in schistosomes. Parasitology 2013, 140, 1534–1546. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Roquis, D.; Lepesant, J.M.J.; Picard, M.A.L.; Freitag, M.; Parrinello, H.; Groth, M.; Emans, R.; Cosseau, C.; Grunau, C. The Epigenome of Schistosoma mansoni Provides Insight about How Cercariae Poise Transcription until Infection. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2015, 9, e0003853. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dos Carvalho, O.S.; Coelho, P.M.Z.; Lenzi, H.L. Schistosoma mansoni & Esquistossomose: Uma Visão Multidisciplinar; Editora Fiocruz: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2008. [Google Scholar]
- WHO. Field Use of Molluscicides in Schistosomiasis Control Programmes: An Operational Manual for Programme Managers; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2017; Available online: http://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/resources/9789241511995/en/ (accessed on 3 July 2018).
- Barakat, R.M.R. Epidemiology of Schistosomiasis in Egypt: Travel through Time: Review. J. Adv. Res. 2013, 4, 425–432. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shiff, C.J. Molluscicide for the control of schistosomiasis in irrigation schemes. A Southern Rhodesia. Bull. WHO 1973, 48, 299–307. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Harrison, A.D.; Rattray, E. Biological effects of mollusiciciding natural waters. S. Afr. J. Sci. 1966, 62, 238–241. [Google Scholar]
- Shiff, C. Why reinvent the wheel? Lessons in schistosomiasis control from the past. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2017, 11, e0005812. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dai, J.-R.; Li, Y.-Z.; Wang, W.; Xing, Y.-T.; Qu, G.-L.; Liang, Y.-S. Resistance to niclosamide in Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum: Should we be worried? Parasitology 2015, 142, 332–340. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hamed, M.A. Strategic Control of Schistosome Intermediate Host. Asian J. Epidemiol. 2010, 3, 123–140. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mello-Silva, C.C.; Vilar, M.M.; de Vasconcellos, M.C.; Pinheiro, J.; de Rodrigues, M.L. Carbohydrate metabolism alterations in Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Schistosoma mansoni and exposed to Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii latex. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 2010, 105, 492–495. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Singh, S.K.; Yadav, R.P.; Singh, A. Molluscicides from some common medicinal plants of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2010, 30, 1–7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- De Carvalho Augusto, R.; Friani, G.; de Vasconcellos, M.C.; Rodrigues, L.M.A.; Clélia, C.; Mello-Silva, C.C. Schistosoma mansoni: Phytochemical Effect on Aquatic Life Cycle. Open J. Vet. Med. 2015, 5, 127–132. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kariuki, S.T.; Kariuki, J.M.; Mailu, B.M.; Muchiri, D.R. Isolation and characterisation of chemical compounds from the plants, Phytolacca octandra (L.), Phytolacca dodecandra (LHerit) and Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) commonly used to control schistosomiasis transmitting snails in Kenya. Afr. J. Pure Appl. Chem. 2018, 12, 38–41. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Singh, D.K.; Agarwal, R.A. Correlation of the Anticholinesterase and Molluscicidal Activity of the Latex of Euphorbia royleana on the Snail Lymnaea acuminata. J. Nat. Prod. 1984, 47, 702–705. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lemma, A. Laboratory and field evaluation of the molluscicidal properties of Phytolacca dodecandra. Bull. WHO 1970, 42, 597–617. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Lambert, J.D.H.; Temmink, J.H.M.; Marquis, J.; Parkhurst, R.M.; Lugt, C.B.; Lemmich, E.; Wolde-Yohannes, L.; de Savigny, D. Endod: Safety evaluation of a plant molluscicide. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 1991, 14, 189–201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shiff, C.J.; Coutts, W.C.C.; Yiannakis, C.; Holmes, R.W. Seasonal patterns in the transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in Rhodesia, and its control by winter application of molluscicide. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1979, 73, 375–380. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ndamba, J.; Lemmich, E.; Mølgaard, P. Investigation of the diurnal, ontogenetic and seasonal variation in the molluscicidal saponin content of Phytolacca dodecandra aqueous berry extracts. Phytochemistry 1993, 35, 95–99. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shi, Q.-W.; Su, X.-H.; Kiyota, H. Chemical and pharmacological research of the plants in genus Euphorbia. Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 4295–4327. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Seigler, D.S. Phytochemistry and Systematics of the Euphorbiaceae. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1994, 81, 380–401. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lirio, L.G.; Hermano, M.L.; Fontanilla, M.Q. Note Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants from the Philippines. Pharm. Biol. 1998, 36, 357–359. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dushenkov, V.; Raskin, I. New Strategy for the Search of Natural Biologically Active Substances. Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 2008, 55, 564–567. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Singla, A.K.; Pathak, K. Topical antiinflammatory effects of Euphorbia prostrata on carrageenan-induced footpad oedema in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1990, 29, 291–294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bhatnagar, V.P.; Kumar, A.; Srivastava, J.N. Wild medicinal herbs of Agra. Wild Med. Herbs Agra 2000, 22, 464–467. [Google Scholar]
- Palatnick, W.; Tenenbein, M. Hepatotoxicity from castor bean ingestion in a child. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 2000, 38, 67–69. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mello-Silva, C.C.; de Vasconcellos, M.C.; Pinheiro, J.; de Rodrigues, M.L. Physiological changes in Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (Pulmonata: Planorbidae) caused by sub-lethal concentrations of the latex of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii N.E.B (Euphorbiaceae). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 2006, 101, 3–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Correa, M.P. Dicionário de Plantas Uteis do Brasil e das Exóticas Cultivadas; Imprensa Nacional de Brasilia: Rio de Janeiro/Brasilia, Brazil, 1984; Volume 6, pp. 1926–1978. Available online: http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&src=google&base=REPIDISCA&lang=p&nextAction=lnk&exprSearch=126725&indexSearch=ID (accessed on 3 July 2018).
- Schall, V.T.; Vasconcellos, M.C.; Rocha, R.S.; Souza, C.P.; Mendes, N.M. The control of the schistosome-transmitting snail Biomphalaria glabrata by the plant Molluscicide Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii (syn milli Des. Moul): A longitudinal field study in an endemic area in Brazil. Acta Trop. 2001, 79, 165–170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- El Moussaoui, A.; Nijs, M.; Paul, C.; Wintjens, R.; Vincentelli, J.; Azarkan, M.; Looze, Y. Revisiting the enzymes stored in the laticifers of Carica papaya in the context of their possible participation in the plant defence mechanism. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2001, 58, 556–570. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zani, C.L.; Marston, A.; Hamburger, M.; Hostettmann, K. Molluscicidal milliamines from Euphorbia milii var. hislopii. Phytochemistry 1993, 34, 89–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fonseca, K.C.; Morais, N.C.G.; Queiroz, M.R.; Silva, M.C.; Gomes, M.S.; Costa, J.O.; Mamede, C.C.; Torres, F.S.; Penha-Silva, N.; Beletti, M.E.; et al. Purification and biochemical characterization of Eumiliin from Euphorbia milii var. hislopii latex. Phytochemistry 2010, 71, 708–715. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- De Vasconcelos, M.C.; Schall, V.T. Latex of “Coroa de Cristo” (Euphorbia splendens): An effective molluscicide. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 1986, 81, 475–476. [Google Scholar]
- Marston, A.; Hecker, E. On the active principle of the Euphorbiaceae VI. Planta Med. 1983, 47, 141–147. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zamith, H.P.S.; Paumgartten, F.J.R.; Speit, G. Evaluation of the mutagenicity of the moluscicidal latex of Christ’s Crown (Euphorbia milii var hislopii) in mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. Mutagenic Res. 1996, 368, 15–20. [Google Scholar]
- Freitas, J.; Presgrave, O.; Fingola, F.; Menezes, M.; Vasconcellos, M.; Schall, V.; Paumgartten, F. Toxicological study of the molluscicidal latex of Euphorbia splendens: Irritant action on skin and eye. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 1991, 86, 87–88. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Delgado, I.; De-Carvalho, R.; De-Oliveira, A.; Kuriyama, S.; Oliveira-Filho, E.; Souza, C.; Paumgartten, F. Absence of tumor promoting activity of Euphorbia milii latex on the mouse back skin. Toxicol. Lett. 2003, 145, 175–180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Souza, C.A.M.; de-Carvalho, R.R.; Kuriyama, S.N.; Araujo, I.B.; Rodrigues, R.P.; Vollmer, R.S.; Alves, E.N.; Paumgartten, F.J.R. Study of the embryofeto-toxicity of Crown-of-Thorns (Euphorbia milii) latex, a natural molluscicide. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 1997, 30, 1325–1332. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Da Mello, R.S.; da Ferreira, A.R.S.; de Queiroz, M.M.C. Bioactivity of latex from Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii (Euphorbiaceae) on post-embryonic development of Megaselia scalaris (Phoridae). Vet. Parasitol. 2010, 172, 100–104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Vasconcellos, M.C.; Santos, J.A.; Silva, I.P.; Lopes, F.E.F.; Schall, V.T. Molluscicidal activity of Crown of Christ (Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii) Euphorbiaceae latex submitted to pH variation. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 2003, 46, 415–420. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Vasconcellos, M.C.; de Amorim, A. Molluscicidal action of the latex of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii N.E.B. (“Christ’s Crown”) (Euphorbiaceae) against Lymnaea columella (Say, 1817) (Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae), intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 (Trematode: Fasciolidae): 1-test in laboratory. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 2003, 98, 557–563. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Giovanelli, A.; da Silva, C.L.P.A.C.; Medeiros, L.; de Vasconcellos, M.C. The molluscicidal activity of the latex of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii on Melanoides tuberculata (Thiaridae), a snail associated with habitats of Biomphalaria glabrata (Planorbidae). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 2001, 96, 123–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Oliveira, C.S. Alterações nos Depósitos de Glicogênio e Conteúdo de Glicose na Hemolinfa de Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822 (Mollusca, Gastropoda), Hospedeiro Intermediário de Angiostrongylus, Exposta ao látex de coroa de cristo Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii. 2007. Available online: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/756 (accessed on 3 July 2018).
- Devi, L.S.; Gupta, P. Evaluation of some plant latices against Heterodera cajani on cowpea (Vigna sinensis). Natl. Acad. Sci. Lett. 2000, 23, 65–67. [Google Scholar]
- Oliveira-Filho, E.C.; Paumgartten, F.J.R. Toxicity of Euphorbia milii Latex and Niclosamide to Snails and Nontarget Aquatic Species. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2000, 46, 342–350. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lima, M.G.; Augusto, R.C.; Vasconcellos, M.C.; Mello-Silva, C.C.; Pinheiro, J. Metabolic changes in Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Schistosoma mansoni exposed to latex of Euphorbia milii solution versus times of preparation. J. Nat. Prod. 2012, 5, 222–232. [Google Scholar]
- El-Ansary, A.; Mohamed, S.M.; Mohamed, A.M. Induced changes in energy metabolism of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails using two potent plant molluscicides. Bull. NRC Egypt 2001, 26, 425–439. [Google Scholar]
- Mello-Silva, C.C.; de Vasconcellos, M.C.; Bezerra, J.C.B.; de Rodrigues, M.L.A.; Pinheiro, J. The influence of exposure to Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii latex on the concentrations of total proteins and nitrogen products in Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Acta Trop. 2011, 117, 101–104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- De-Carvalho, R.R.; Maldonado, A., Jr.; Oliveira-Filho, E.C.; Ribeiro, A.C.; Paumgartten, F.J.R.; Rey, L. Effects of Euphorbia milii latex on Schistosoma mansoni eggs, miracidia and cercariae. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 1998, 93, 235–237. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bakry, F.A.; Mohamed, R.T. Impact of Euphorbia milii latex on infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni larval stages to their hosts. J. Evol. Biol. Res. 2011, 3, 101–107. [Google Scholar]
- De Augusto, R.C.; Tetreau, G.; Chan, P.; Walet-Balieu, M.-L.; Mello-Silva, C.C.; Santos, C.P.; Grunau, C. Double impact: Natural molluscicide for schistosomiasis vector control also impedes development of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae into adult parasites. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2017, 11, e0005789. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bockarie, M.J.; Kelly-Hope, L.A.; Rebollo, M.; Molyneux, D.H. Preventive chemotherapy as a strategy for elimination of neglected tropical parasitic diseases: Endgame challenges. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2013, 368, 20120144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jurberg, P.; de Vasconcellos, M.C.; Mendes, N.M. Plantas empregadas como moluscicidas: Uma visão crítica. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 1989, 84 (Suppl. 1), 76–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mendes, N.M. Evaluation of the Molluscicidal Properties of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii (N.E.B.) Latex: Experimental Test in an Endemic Area in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 1997, 92, 719–724. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Augusto, R.d.C.; De Mello-Silva, C.C.C. Phytochemical Molluscicides and Schistosomiasis: What We Know and What We Still Need to Learn. Vet. Sci. 2018, 5, 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5040094
Augusto RdC, De Mello-Silva CCC. Phytochemical Molluscicides and Schistosomiasis: What We Know and What We Still Need to Learn. Veterinary Sciences. 2018; 5(4):94. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5040094
Chicago/Turabian StyleAugusto, Ronaldo de Carvalho, and Clelia Christina Correa De Mello-Silva. 2018. "Phytochemical Molluscicides and Schistosomiasis: What We Know and What We Still Need to Learn" Veterinary Sciences 5, no. 4: 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5040094