Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites, Risk Factors and Zoonotic Aspects in Dog and Cat Populations from Goiás, Brazil
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Location and Sampling
2.2. Coproparasitological Examination
2.3. Data Analysis and Interpretation
2.4. Cats
2.5. Ethics Committee
3. Results
3.1. Prevalence and Richness of Parasites in Dogs
3.2. Risk Factors
3.3. Comparison of Techniques
3.4. Spatial Distribution
3.5. Cats
4. Discussion
4.1. Prevalence of Parasites
4.2. Comparison of Techniques and Risk Factors
4.3. Control and Prevention (Special Comments)
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Positives (n) | Prevalence (%) | Confidence Interval (%) * |
---|---|---|---|
Nematodes | 116 ** | 32.31 | 27.68–37.31 |
Ancylostoma spp. | 106 | 29.53 | 25.04–34.44 a |
Toxocara spp. | 27 | 7.52 | 5.22–10.72 b |
Trichuris vulpis | 6 | 1.67 | 0.77–3.60 c |
Cestodes | 22 ** | 6.13 | 4.08–9.10 |
Dipylidium caninum | 22 | 6.13 | 4.08–9.10 b |
Protozoa | 32 ** | 8.91 | 6.38–12.31 |
Giardia spp. | 12 | 3.34 | 1.92–5.75 bc |
Cystoisospora spp. | 17 | 4.74 | 2.98–7.45 bc |
Entamoeba spp. | 3 | 0.84 | 0.28–2.43 c |
Co-Infections | 34 | 9.47 | 6.86–12.94 |
Risk Variable | p-Value * | Odds Ratio ** |
---|---|---|
Breed | 0.225 | |
Crossbreed | - | |
Breed | - | |
Age | 0.005 | |
Juvenile/Pup | 0.134 | |
Adult | 2.167 | |
Elderly | 0.246 | |
Host sex | 0.605 | |
Male | - | |
Female | - | |
Average income of owner *** | 0.007 | |
Up to BRL 3600.00 | 1.815 | |
More than BRL 3600.00 | 0.551 | |
Street access | 0.318 | |
Yes | - | |
No | - | |
Basic home sanitation (sewage collection and piped water) | 0.702 | |
Yes | - | |
No | - | |
Access to sewage, garbage, and waste | <0.001 | |
Yes | 1.171 | |
No | 0.854 | |
Updated deworming | <0.001 | |
Yes | 0.134 | |
No | 7.444 | |
Presence of contacting animals (including synanthropic) | 0.019 | |
Yes | 4.241 | |
No | 0.236 |
Species | Positives (n) | Frequency (%) | Confidence Interval (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Nematodes | 28 | 50.91 | 37.07–64.65 |
Ancylostoma spp. | 26 | 47.27 | 33.65–61.20 |
Toxocara spp. | 2 | 3.64 | 0.44–12.53 |
Cestodes | 4 | 7.27 | 2.02–17.59 |
Dipylidium caninum | 4 | 7.27 | 2.02–17.59 |
Flukes | 3 | 5.45 | 1.14–15.12 |
Platynosomum fastosum | 3 | 5.45 | 1.14–15.12 |
Protozoa | 18 | 32.73 | 20.68–46.71 |
Giardia spp. | 2 | 3.64 | 0.44–12.53 |
Cystoisospora spp. | 16 | 29.09 | 17.23–42.90 |
Co-Infections | 15 | 27.27 | 16.14–40.6 |
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Souza, J.B.B.; Silva, Z.M.d.A.; Alves-Ribeiro, B.S.; Moraes, I.d.S.; Alves-Sobrinho, A.V.; Saturnino, K.C.; Ferraz, H.T.; Machado, M.R.F.; Braga, Í.A.; Ramos, D.G.d.S. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites, Risk Factors and Zoonotic Aspects in Dog and Cat Populations from Goiás, Brazil. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 492. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10080492
Souza JBB, Silva ZMdA, Alves-Ribeiro BS, Moraes IdS, Alves-Sobrinho AV, Saturnino KC, Ferraz HT, Machado MRF, Braga ÍA, Ramos DGdS. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites, Risk Factors and Zoonotic Aspects in Dog and Cat Populations from Goiás, Brazil. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10(8):492. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10080492
Chicago/Turabian StyleSouza, Juliana Bruno Borges, Zara Mariana de Assis Silva, Bruna Samara Alves-Ribeiro, Iago de Sá Moraes, Ana Vitória Alves-Sobrinho, Klaus Casaro Saturnino, Henrique Trevizoli Ferraz, Mônica Rodrigues Ferreira Machado, Ísis Assis Braga, and Dirceu Guilherme de Souza Ramos. 2023. "Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites, Risk Factors and Zoonotic Aspects in Dog and Cat Populations from Goiás, Brazil" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 8: 492. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10080492