Biofilm-Producing Ability of Staphylococcus aureus Obtained from Surfaces and Milk of Mastitic Cows
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Dairy Cows and Udder Examination
2.2. Sanitation of Milking Equipment
2.3. Microbiological Examination of Milk Samples
2.4. Mastitis Forms
2.5. Samples from Surfaces and Microbiological Examination
2.6. Stainless Steel Coupons and Biofilm Preparation
2.7. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Isolated Bacteria | Subclinical 2 | Clinical 3 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CM1 | CM2 | CM3 | ||||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Staphylococcus spp. | ||||||||||
S. aureus | 11 | 25.6 | 2 | 4.7 | 4 | 9.3 | 4 | 9.3 | 1 | 2.3 |
S. intermedius | 3 | 7.0 | -- | -- | 3 | 7.0 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
NAS 1 | ||||||||||
S. chromogenes | 5 | 11.6 | 3 | 7.0 | -- | -- | 2 | 4.7 | -- | -- |
S. haemolyticus | 3 | 7.0 | -- | -- | 2 | 4.7 | 1 | 2.3 | -- | -- |
S. warneri | 2 | 4.7 | 1 | 2.3 | 1 | 2.3 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
S. xylosus | 2 | 4.7 | 2 | 4.7 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Streptococcus spp. | ||||||||||
Str. uberis | 4 | 9.3 | 1 | 2.3 | 2 | 4.7 | 1 | 2.3 | -- | -- |
Str. faecalis | 2 | 4.7 | 2 | 4.7 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Other bacteria | ||||||||||
E. coli | 4 | 9.3 | 2 | 4.7 | -- | -- | 2 | 4.7 | -- | -- |
Pseudomonas spp. | 3 | 7.0 | 3 | 7.0 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Mixed infection * | 4 | 9.3 | 1 | 2.3 | 2 | 4.7 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Total | 43 | 100 | 17 | 39.5 | 14 | 32.5 | 10 | 23.2 | 1 | 2.3 |
Sample Source | n | Isolated Bacteria | Positive for S. aureus n (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Floor | 9 | Streptococcus spp. S. aureus E. coli Enterococcus faecalis | (15%) |
Teat cup | 9 | S. aureus E. coli Campylobacter spp. | 7 (26%) |
Dairy cow restraints | 9 | S. aureus Hafnia alvei Ralstonia insidiosa E. coli | 3 (11%) |
Total | 27 | 14/(52%) |
Isolated Bacteria | Sample Source | Testing Value | p-Value | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Floor (n) | % | Teat Cup (n) | % | Cow Restraints (n) | % | Milk (n) | % | χ2 | p | |
S. aureus | 4 | 15 | 7 | 26.0 | 3 | 11.1 | 11 | 25.6 | 4.99 * | 0.025 * |
NAS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 27.9 | 0.078 | 0.780 |
Streptococcus spp. | 1 | 3.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 14.0 | 1.93 | 0.164 |
E. coli | 2 | 7.4 | 1 | 3.7 | 4 | 14.8 | 7 | 16.2 | 4.13 * | 0.042 * |
Other bacteria | 2 | 7.4 | 1 | 3.7 | 2 | 7.4 | 7 | 16.2 | 0.95 | 0.329 |
Total | 9 | 33.5 | 9 | 33.2 | 9 | 33.3 | 43 | 100 |
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Vargová, M.; Zigo, F.; Výrostková, J.; Farkašová, Z.; Rehan, I.F. Biofilm-Producing Ability of Staphylococcus aureus Obtained from Surfaces and Milk of Mastitic Cows. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10060386
Vargová M, Zigo F, Výrostková J, Farkašová Z, Rehan IF. Biofilm-Producing Ability of Staphylococcus aureus Obtained from Surfaces and Milk of Mastitic Cows. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10(6):386. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10060386
Chicago/Turabian StyleVargová, Mária, František Zigo, Jana Výrostková, Zuzana Farkašová, and Ibrahim F. Rehan. 2023. "Biofilm-Producing Ability of Staphylococcus aureus Obtained from Surfaces and Milk of Mastitic Cows" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 6: 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10060386