Paleopathological Changes in Animal Bones from Croatian Archaeological Sites from Prehistory to New Modern Period
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Archaeological Sites
2.1.1. Eastern Continental Croatia
2.1.2. Western Continental Croatia
2.1.3. Northern Dalmatia
2.2. Archaeozoological Analysis and Diagnostic Imaging
3. Results
3.1. Skull
3.2. Ribs and Vertebrae
3.3. Thoracic Limb Bones
3.4. Pelvic Limb Bones
3.5. Bones of the Metapodium and Acropodium
4. Discussion
4.1. Working/Keeping Etiology
4.2. Traumatic Changes
4.3. Oral Cavity Group
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample No. | Site | Period | Bone Element | Side | Species | AGE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P1 | PGV | High Middle Ages | MTC | left | cattle | >2–2.5 y |
P2 | PGV | High Middle Ages | talus | right | pig | |
P3 | PGV | High Middle Ages | MTC IV | right | pig | <2 y |
P4 | PGV | High Middle Ages | femur, dist | right | pig | <3.5 y |
P5 | PGV | Late Middle Ages | metapodium, dist | cattle | <2–2.5 y | |
P6 | PGV | High Middle Ages | MTT, dist | left | cattle | <2–2.5 y |
P7 | PGV | Early Modern Period | mandibula, caput | left | cattle | |
P8 | PGV | Late Middle Ages | humerus, dist | right | small R | >11–13 m |
P9 | PGV | High Middle Ages | costa | small R | ||
P10 | PGV | High Middle Ages | mandibula | left | cattle | |
P11 | PGV | High Middle Ages | vertebra lumbalis | pig | <4–7 y | |
P12 | PGV | Early Modern Period | calcaneus | left | cattle | >3–3.5 y |
P13 | PGV | Early Modern Period | calcaneus | left | cattle | >3–3.5 y |
P14 | PGV | Early Modern Period | acetabulum | left | cattle | >7–10 m |
P15 | KRČ | High/Late Middle Ages | mandibula, rostral | right | small R | |
P16 | KRČ | High/Late Middle Ages | humerus, dist | right | pig | >1–1.5 y |
P17 | KRČ | High/Late Middle Ages | tibia, dist | left | pig | >2 y |
P18 | BIJELA | Early Modern Period | mandibula, rostral | left | goat | |
P19 | BAR | Late Middle Ages | MTC, prox | right | cattle | |
P20 | BAR | High/Late Middle Ages | ulna | right | small R | >2.5–3 y |
P21 | OCZP | Late phase of the Middle Bronze Age | mandibula | right | pig | >1.5–2 y |
P22 | OCZP | Early phase of the Middle Bronze Age | mandibula | left | pig | |
P23 | OCZP | Early phase of the Middle Bronze Age | vertebrae lumbales (4) | carnivore | ||
P24 | GOR | Early Modern Period | radius, dist | left | horse | >3.5 y |
P25 | GOR | Early Modern Period | MTC, dist | right | cattle | >2–2.5 y |
P26 | GOR | Early Modern Period | phalanx proximalis | cattle | >1.5 y | |
P27 | GOR | Early Modern Period | phalanx media | cattle | >1.5 y | |
P28 | GOR | Early Modern Period | MTC, dist | right | cattle | >2–2.5 y |
P29 | GOR | Early Modern Period | radius | right | small R | >3–4 y |
P30 | ST NIC | Iron age | phalanx proximalis | cattle | >1.5 y | |
P31 | ST NIC | Iron age | phalanx proximalis | cattle | >1.5 y | |
P32 | ST NIC | Early Modern Period | phalanx proximalis | cattle | >1.5 y | |
P33 | ST NIC | Early Modern Period | MTC, dist | right | cattle | >2–2.5 y |
P34 | NADIN | Antiquity | phalanx media | cattle | >1.5 y | |
P35 | NADIN | Antiquity | os tarsi centroquartale | right | cattle | |
P36 | NADIN | Late Middle Ages/Early Modern Period | humerus | right | chicken | |
P37 | NADIN | Late Middle Ages/Early Modern Period | mandibula | left | small R | around 2.5–3 y |
P38 | NADIN | Antiquity | phalanx proximalis | cattle | >1.5 y | |
P39 | NADIN | Antiquity | phalanx proximalis | cattle | >1.5 y | |
P40 | NADIN | Antiquity | phalanx proximalis | cattle | >1.5 y | |
P41 | NADIN | Antiquity and Late Antiquity | phalanx proximalis | cattle | >1.5 y | |
P42 | NADIN | Antiquity and Late Antiquity | phalanx proximalis | cattle | >1.5 y | |
P43 | NADIN | Antiquity and Late Antiquity | MTC, prox | right | cattle | |
P44 | NADIN | Early Iron Age | MTT, prox | left | small R | |
P45 | NADIN | Early Iron Age | MTC, prox | right | sheep | |
P46 | NADIN | Early Iron Age | MTC, prox | left | goat | |
P47 | NADIN | Early Iron Age | axis | small R | >4–5 y | |
P48 | NADIN | Early Iron Age | os carpi radiale | cattle | ||
P49 | NADIN | Early Iron Age | mandibula, rostral | left | cattle | |
P50 | NADIN | Iron Age | radius, prox | right | sheep | >3–3.5 y |
Site | Cattle | Small Ruminants | Pig | Horse | Carnivore | Chicken | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GORJANI | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 | |||
OCZP | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||
BIJELA | 1 | 1 | |||||
PGV | 8 | 2 | 4 | 14 | |||
BARILOVIĆ | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||
KRČINGRAD | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
ST NICHOLAS | 4 | 4 | |||||
NADIN | 10 | 6 | 1 | 17 | |||
Total | 27 | 12 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 50 |
% of total | 54% | 24% | 16% | 2% | 2% | 2% | 100% |
Aethiolog. Classif. * | ORAL CAVITY | Working/Keeping | TRAUMA | WITHOUT PATHOL. CHANGES | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radiol. Classif. | MET | INFL/ NEOPL | DEG | MET | INFL/NEOPL | Degenerative | TRAUMA | |
CATTLE | mandible (P7) | mandible (P49) | mandible (P10) | centroquartal tarsal (P35) | metacarpal (P1) | metacarpal (P43) | calcaneus (P12) | |
ph. prox (P39) | metapodium (P5) | calcaneus (P13) | ||||||
ph. prox (P41) | metatarsal (P6) | |||||||
radial carpal (P48) | acetabulum (P14) | |||||||
metacarpal (P19) | ||||||||
metacarpal (P25) | ||||||||
ph. prox. (P26) | ||||||||
ph. media (P27) | ||||||||
metacarpal (P28) | ||||||||
ph. prox (P30) | ||||||||
ph. prox (P31) | ||||||||
ph. prox (P32) | ||||||||
metacarpal (P33) | ||||||||
ph. media (P34) | ||||||||
ph. prox (P38) | ||||||||
ph. prox (P40) | ||||||||
ph. prox (P42) | ||||||||
Total for cattle | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 17 | 1 | 2 |
SMALL RUM. | mandible (P18) | ulna (P20) | humerus (P8) | rib (P9) | ||||
mandible (P37) | metacarpal (P45) | mandible (P15) | ||||||
metacarpal (P46) | radius (P29) | |||||||
radius (P50) | metatarsal (P44) | |||||||
axis (P47) | ||||||||
Total for small rum. | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 0 |
PIG | mandible (P21) ** | talus (P2) | metacarpal IV (P3) | mandible (P21) ** | ||||
lumbar vertebrae (P11) | femur (P4) | |||||||
humerus (P16) | tibia (P17) | |||||||
mandible (P22) | ||||||||
Total for pigs | 0 | (+1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 1 |
HORSE | radius (P24) | |||||||
Total for horse | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
DOG | lumbar vertebrae (P23) | |||||||
Total for dog | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||||
CHICKEN | humerus (P36) | |||||||
Total for chicken | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Total | 1 | 3 (+1) | 1 | 1 | 4 | 27 | 10 | 3 (−1) |
Total by group | 5 (+1) | 32 | 10 | 3 (−1) |
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Trbojević Vukičević, T.; Korpes, K.; Đuras, M.; Vrbanac, Z.; Javor, A.; Kolenc, M. Paleopathological Changes in Animal Bones from Croatian Archaeological Sites from Prehistory to New Modern Period. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 361. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10050361
Trbojević Vukičević T, Korpes K, Đuras M, Vrbanac Z, Javor A, Kolenc M. Paleopathological Changes in Animal Bones from Croatian Archaeological Sites from Prehistory to New Modern Period. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10(5):361. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10050361
Chicago/Turabian StyleTrbojević Vukičević, Tajana, Kim Korpes, Martina Đuras, Zoran Vrbanac, Ana Javor, and Magdalena Kolenc. 2023. "Paleopathological Changes in Animal Bones from Croatian Archaeological Sites from Prehistory to New Modern Period" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 5: 361. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10050361