Congenital Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs and Cats: Treatment, Complications and Prognosis
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Medical Management of Congenital Portosystemic Shunts
3. Surgical Treatment of Congenital Portosystemic Shunts
3.1. Suture Ligation
3.2. Gradual Attenuation
3.3. Percutaneous Transvenous Coil Embolization
4. Complications after Congenital Portosystemic Shunt Attenuation
5. Long-Term Post-operative Care
6. Prognosis and Outcome
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Antibiotics | |
---|---|
Metronidazole | 7.5 mg/kg PO q12h |
Amoxicillin | 22 mg/kg PO, IV, IM, or SC q12h |
Ampicillin | 22 mg/kg IV q6h |
Neomycin (avoid in case of intestinal bleeding, ulcerations, or renal failure; ototoxic, nephrotoxic) | 20 mg/kg PO q12h |
Non-absorbable disaccharides | |
Lactulose | Orally: 2.5 to 25 mL PO q8h (two or three soft stools per day) Dogs: typically start at 0.5 mL/kg PO q8h Cats: typically start at 2.5–5 mL/cat PO q8h Rectally: cleansing enemas with water (5–10 mL/kg), followed by retention enemas (30% lactulose solution; 10–15 mL/kg), retained for 30 min to 1 h |
Lactitol | 0.5 to 0.75 g/kg PO q12h |
Gastroprotectants | |
Proton pump inhibitors | |
Omeprazole | 0.9–1 mg/kg PO or IV q12h |
Esomeprazole | 1 mg/kg PO or IV q12h |
Sucralfate | 1 g/25 kg PO q8hr |
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Konstantinidis, A.O.; Adamama-Moraitou, K.K.; Patsikas, M.N.; Papazoglou, L.G. Congenital Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs and Cats: Treatment, Complications and Prognosis. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 346. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10050346
Konstantinidis AO, Adamama-Moraitou KK, Patsikas MN, Papazoglou LG. Congenital Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs and Cats: Treatment, Complications and Prognosis. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10(5):346. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10050346
Chicago/Turabian StyleKonstantinidis, Alexandros O., Katerina K. Adamama-Moraitou, Michail N. Patsikas, and Lysimachos G. Papazoglou. 2023. "Congenital Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs and Cats: Treatment, Complications and Prognosis" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 5: 346. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10050346