Prevalence of Cardiac Lesions in Cases of Bovine Blackleg in Tennessee (USA), 2004–2018
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographics/Variables | Number | Proportion (%) |
---|---|---|
Sex | 37 | |
Females | 21 | 56.8 |
Males | 16 | 43.2 |
Breed | 37 | |
Mixed | 30 | 81.1 |
Angus | 2 | 5.4 |
Hereford | 2 | 5.4 |
Holstein | 1 | 2.7 |
Charolais | 1 | 2.7 |
Limousin | 1 | 2.7 |
Age (months) | 37 | |
6 and under | 25 | 67.6 |
7 and over | 12 | 32.4 |
Year of necropsy | 37 | |
2018 | 5 | 13.5 |
2017 | 3 | 8.1 |
2016 | 5 | 13.5 |
2015 | 2 | 5.4 |
2014 | 5 | 13.5 |
2013 | 3 | 8.1 |
2011 | 3 | 8.1 |
2009 | 1 | 2.7 |
2008 | 3 | 8.1 |
2007 | 2 | 5.4 |
2006 | 4 | 10.8 |
2004 | 1 | 2.7 |
Skeletal Muscle lesions | ||
Gross examination of skeletal muscles at necropsy | 37 | |
Lesion present | 33 | 89.2 |
Lesion absent | 4 | 10.8 |
Skeletal muscle groups affected with lesions | 37 | |
Limb | 19 | 51.4 |
Thoracic | 12 | 32.4 |
Neck | 10 | 27 |
Pelvic | 4 | 10.8 |
Tongue | 3 | 8.1 |
Diaphragm | 3 | 8.1 |
Lumbar | 2 | 5.4 |
Head | 1 | 2.7 |
None found | 4 | 10.8 |
Histological examination of skeletal muscles | 37 | |
Described lesion is consistent with blackleg | 24 | 64.9 |
No lesion found | 13 | 35.1 |
Muscle IHC performed | 25 | |
Lesion consistent with blackleg | 25 | 100 |
Culture for C. chauvoei and other tests | 17 | |
IFA positive and C. chauvoei present | 11 | 64.7 |
PCR positive and C. chauvoei present | 1 | 5.9 |
No growth or C. chauvoei absent | 5 | 29.4 |
Cardiac lesions | ||
Gross examination of heart at necropsy | 37 | |
Lesion present | 25 | 67.6 |
Lesion absent | 12 | 32.4 |
Histological examination of heart muscle | 37 | |
Necrotizing myocarditis only | 2 | 5.4 |
Fibrinous to fibrinosuppurative peri-, epi-, or endocarditis only | 5 | 13.5 |
Both necrotizing myocarditis and fibrinous to fibrinosuppurative peri-, epi-, or endocarditis | 19 | 51.4 |
No lesion found | 11 | 29.7 |
Heart IHC performed | 25 | |
Lesion consistent with blackleg | 25 | 100 |
Blackleg lesions | 32 | |
Skeletal muscle only involvement | 6 | 18.8 |
Cardiac muscle only involvement | 6 | 18.8 |
Both skeletal and cardiac muscle involvement | 20 | 62.4 |
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Okafor, C.C.; Uzal, F.A.; Culligan, C.M.; Newkirk, K.M. Prevalence of Cardiac Lesions in Cases of Bovine Blackleg in Tennessee (USA), 2004–2018. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10040297
Okafor CC, Uzal FA, Culligan CM, Newkirk KM. Prevalence of Cardiac Lesions in Cases of Bovine Blackleg in Tennessee (USA), 2004–2018. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10(4):297. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10040297
Chicago/Turabian StyleOkafor, Chika C., Francisco A. Uzal, Caitlin M. Culligan, and Kim M. Newkirk. 2023. "Prevalence of Cardiac Lesions in Cases of Bovine Blackleg in Tennessee (USA), 2004–2018" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 4: 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10040297