Perceptions of Veterinarians and Veterinary Students on What Risk Factors Constitute Medical Disputes and Comparisons between 2014 and 2022
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Questionnaire
2.2. Respondents
2.3. Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Ranking of the Perceptions of Risk Factors in Six Dimensions
3.3. Differences in Risk Factor Perception by Demographic Variables in 2014 and 2022
3.4. Compare Risk Factor Perception Differences between the Two Periods for Each Subgroup
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dimensions | Content |
---|---|
| Misdiagnosis leading to worsening of patient condition. Inappropriate/improper hospital care or treatment procedures. |
| Explanations from the veterinarians to the clients are too simple. Use of too many medical terms during explanation with no clear supplementary explanation. The clients have doubts about the treatment but fail to enquire or get an unsatisfactory answer from the veterinarians before the treatment. A gap between clients’ expected and actual treatment outcomes due to a lack of information for decision-making before the treatment. No precise decision being made by the clients’ families during the discussion of subsequent treatment procedures with the veterinarian. The veterinarians do not provide supplementary paper documents to the clients to raise their knowledge level about the treatment. |
| The veterinarians try to make the clients reluctantly accept the recommended diagnosis and treatments. The veterinarians do not respond appropriately or take appropriate steps to solve the clients’ concerns. The veterinarians do not give feelings of support and encouragement during interactions, resulting in the clients’ thinking that the veterinarian may not be concerned about the health of sick animals. When the clients’ and veterinarians’ views on the animals’ condition differ, the client tends to stick with their subjective perception. |
| The veterinarians do not explain to the clients in advance the possible total medical expenses. The veterinarians do not clearly explain the possible medical costs for each treatment procedure. The disparity between clients’ expected and actual medical costs. |
| The veterinarians did nothing to respond to the complaints in time. Absence of senior staff to attend to the complaints. The complaint resolution process was done with inappropriate attitudes and improper ways. Staff members do not have relevant professional training to handle the complaints. |
| The clients depend on self-gathered information. The clients have many questions about treatment and lack trust in the interaction. The clients’ misconception of pets being taken care of by the veterinarian. The clients may have the motives of extortion. |
Characteristics | 2014 (n = 106) | 2022 (n = 157) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | |
Stakeholder’s position | ||||
Veterinarian | 73 | 68.90% | 126 | 80.30% |
Veterinary student | 33 | 31.10% | 31 | 19.70% |
Age | ||||
20–29 years old | 53 | 50.00% | 58 | 36.90% |
30–39 years old | 36 | 34.00% | 56 | 35.70% |
40–49 years old | 5 | 4.70% | 35 | 22.30% |
50+ years old | 12 | 11.30% | 8 | 5.10% |
Gender | ||||
Male | 51 | 48.10% | 66 | 42.00% |
Female | 55 | 51.90% | 91 | 58.00% |
Experiences of medical disputes | ||||
Experienced | 53 | 50.00% | 121 | 77.10% |
Inexperienced | 53 | 50.00% | 36 | 22.90% |
Outcomes of medical disputes | ||||
No idea | 54 | 50.90% | 12 | 7.60% |
Resolved by simple communication | 17 | 16.00% | 56 | 35.70% |
Resolved by communication and reconciliation via money compensation or medical fee reduction | 19 | 17.90% | 63 | 40.10% |
Resolved by simple third-party involvement/mediation | 7 | 6.60% | 1 | 0.60% |
Resolved by third party involvement and reconciliation via money compensation or medical fee reduction | 8 | 7.50% | 17 | 10.80% |
Unresolved even with third party involvement and the complaint was filed in the court | 1 | 0.90% | 8 | 5.10% |
Risk Factors Dimensions | Veterinarians | Students | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 (n = 73) | 2022 (n = 126) | 2014 (n = 33) | 2022 (n = 31) | |||||
Mean | Rank 1 | Mean | Rank | Mean | Rank | Mean | Rank | |
Clients’ perspectives | 3.70 | 1 | 4.07 | 5 | 3.53 | 1 | 4.17 | 2 |
Medical expenses | 3.65 | 2 | 4.17 | 3 | 3.07 | 5 | 4.14 | 3 |
Attitudes during interactions | 3.45 | 3 | 4.26 | 1 | 3.22 | 4 | 4.14 | 3 |
Modes of communication | 3.20 | 4 | 3.98 | 6 | 2.99 | 6 | 3.84 | 6 |
Medical skills | 3.12 | 5 | 4.14 | 4 | 3.50 | 2 | 4.61 | 1 |
Complaints management | 3.09 | 6 | 4.20 | 2 | 3.31 | 3 | 4.07 | 5 |
Risk Factors Dimensions | Students without Experience | Veterinarians without Experience | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 n = 32 | 2022 n = 24 | 2014 n = 21 | 2022 n = 12 | |||||
Mean | Rank 1 | Mean | Rank | Mean | Rank | Mean | Rank | |
Clients’ perspectives | 3.48 | 1 | 4.18 | 3 | 3.58 | 1 | 4.17 | 5 |
Medical skills | 3.45 | 2 | 4.60 | 1 | 3.45 | 2 | 4.29 | 1 |
Complaints management | 3.27 | 3 | 4.02 | 5 | 3.20 | 5 | 4.25 | 3 |
Attitudes during interactions | 3.16 | 4 | 4.23 | 2 | 3.33 | 3 | 4.23 | 4 |
Medical expenses | 3.01 | 5 | 4.14 | 4 | 3.25 | 4 | 4.28 | 2 |
Modes of communication | 2.96 | 6 | 3.80 | 6 | 3.17 | 6 | 4.01 | 6 |
Risk Factors Dimensions | 2014 | 2022 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stakeholder’s Position | Stakeholder’s Position | |||||||||
Veterinarians n = 73 | Students n = 33 | Veterinarians n = 126 | Students n = 31 | |||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | |
Risk_all 1 | 3.37 | 0.80 | 3.27 | 0.97 | 0.599 | 4.14 | 0.40 | 4.16 | 0.56 | 0.769 |
client_p | 3.70 | 1.05 | 3.53 | 1.38 | 0.492 | 4.07 | 0.65 | 4.17 | 0.59 | 0.417 |
inter_att | 3.45 | 1.00 | 3.22 | 1.25 | 0.324 | 4.26 | 0.57 | 4.14 | 0.78 | 0.324 |
med_exp | 3.65 | 1.10 | 3.07 | 1.35 | 0.022 * | 4.17 | 0.67 | 4.14 | 0.89 | 0.823 |
med_sk | 3.12 | 1.35 | 3.50 | 1.36 | 0.179 | 4.14 | 0.84 | 4.61 | 0.53 | <0.001 *** |
complaint | 3.09 | 1.10 | 3.31 | 1.33 | 0.364 | 4.20 | 0.60 | 4.07 | 0.75 | 0.309 |
commu | 3.20 | 0.92 | 2.99 | 0.91 | 0.279 | 3.98 | 0.56 | 3.84 | 0.73 | 0.251 |
Risk Factors Dimensions | 2014 | 2022 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Gender | |||||||||
Male n = 51 | Female n = 55 | Male n = 66 | Female n = 91 | |||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | |
Risk_all 1 | 3.43 | 0.76 | 3.25 | 0.93 | 0.302 | 4.04 | 0.50 | 4.22 | 0.37 | 0.017 * |
client_p | 3.71 | 0.87 | 3.59 | 1.38 | 0.607 | 3.93 | 0.71 | 4.20 | 0.56 | 0.01 ** |
inter_att | 3.49 | 0.99 | 3.27 | 1.16 | 0.295 | 4.14 | 0.72 | 4.30 | 0.53 | 0.133 |
med_exp | 3.62 | 1.01 | 3.33 | 1.36 | 0.212 | 4.06 | 0.79 | 4.25 | 0.65 | 0.101 |
med_sk | 3.29 | 1.19 | 3.18 | 1.50 | 0.67 | 4.13 | 0.88 | 4.31 | 0.75 | 0.173 |
complaint | 3.24 | 1.11 | 3.08 | 1.24 | 0.478 | 4.11 | 0.63 | 4.22 | 0.64 | 0.289 |
commu | 3.21 | 0.94 | 3.08 | 0.89 | 0.466 | 3.86 | 0.62 | 4.01 | 0.57 | 0.105 |
Risk Factors Dimensions | 2014 | 2022 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Experiences of Medical Disputes | Experiences of Medical Disputes | |||||||||
Experienced n = 53 | Inexperienced n = 53 | Experienced n = 121 | Inexperienced n = 36 | |||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | |
Risk_all 1 | 3.41 | 0.79 | 3.27 | 0.92 | 0.411 | 4.13 | 0.40 | 4.18 | 0.55 | 0.587 |
client_p | 3.77 | 1.04 | 3.52 | 1.27 | 0.279 | 4.06 | 0.62 | 4.17 | 0.69 | 0.348 |
inter_att | 3.52 | 0.94 | 3.23 | 1.20 | 0.173 | 4.24 | 0.59 | 4.23 | 0.72 | 0.943 |
med_exp | 3.83 | 0.97 | 3.11 | 1.32 | 0.002 ** | 4.16 | 0.68 | 4.19 | 0.82 | 0.852 |
med_sk | 3.02 | 1.37 | 3.45 | 1.32 | 0.1 | 4.15 | 0.84 | 4.50 | 0.64 | 0.023 * |
complaint | 3.07 | 1.09 | 3.25 | 1.26 | 0.435 | 4.20 | 0.59 | 4.10 | 0.77 | 0.393 |
commu | 3.23 | 0.95 | 3.05 | 0.88 | 0.306 | 3.97 | 0.55 | 3.87 | 0.73 | 0.368 |
Risk Factors Dimensions | Gender | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male n = 117 | Female n = 146 | |||||||||
2014 n = 51 | 2022 n = 66 | 2014 n = 55 | 2022 n = 91 | |||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | |
Risk_all 1 | 3.43 | 0.76 | 4.04 | 0.50 | <0.001 *** | 3.25 | 0.93 | 4.22 | 0.37 | <0.001 *** |
client_p | 3.71 | 0.87 | 3.93 | 0.71 | 0.131 | 3.59 | 1.38 | 4.20 | 0.56 | 0.003 ** |
inter_att | 3.49 | 0.99 | 4.14 | 0.72 | <0.001 *** | 3.27 | 1.16 | 4.30 | 0.53 | <0.001 *** |
med_exp | 3.62 | 1.01 | 4.06 | 0.79 | 0.013 ** | 3.33 | 1.36 | 4.25 | 0.65 | <0.001 *** |
med_sk | 3.29 | 1.19 | 4.13 | 0.88 | <0.001 *** | 3.18 | 1.50 | 4.31 | 0.75 | <0.001 *** |
complaint | 3.24 | 1.11 | 4.11 | 0.63 | <0.001 *** | 3.08 | 1.24 | 4.22 | 0.64 | <0.001 *** |
commu | 3.21 | 0.94 | 3.86 | 0.62 | <0.001 *** | 3.08 | 0.89 | 4.01 | 0.57 | <0.001 *** |
Risk Factors Dimensions | Stakeholder’s Position | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Veterinarians | Students | |||||||||
2014 n = 73 | 2022 n = 126 | 2014 n = 33 | 2022 n = 31 | |||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | |
Risk_all 1 | 3.37 | 0.80 | 4.14 | 0.40 | <0.001 *** | 3.27 | 0.97 | 4.16 | 0.56 | <0.001 *** |
client_p | 3.70 | 1.05 | 4.07 | 0.65 | 0.008 ** | 3.53 | 1.38 | 4.17 | 0.59 | 0.019 * |
inter_att | 3.45 | 1.00 | 4.26 | 0.57 | <0.001 *** | 3.22 | 1.25 | 4.14 | 0.78 | <0.001 *** |
med_exp | 3.65 | 1.10 | 4.17 | 0.67 | <0.001 *** | 3.07 | 1.35 | 4.14 | 0.89 | <0.001 *** |
med_sk | 3.12 | 1.35 | 4.14 | 0.84 | <0.001 *** | 3.50 | 1.36 | 4.61 | 0.53 | <0.001 *** |
complaint | 3.09 | 1.10 | 4.20 | 0.60 | <0.001 *** | 3.31 | 1.33 | 4.07 | 0.75 | 0.006 ** |
commu | 3.20 | 0.92 | 3.98 | 0.56 | <0.001 *** | 2.99 | 0.91 | 3.84 | 0.73 | <0.001 *** |
Risk Factors Dimensions | Experiences of Medical Disputes | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Experienced | Inexperienced | |||||||||
2014 n = 53 | 2022 n = 121 | 2014 n = 53 | 2022 n = 36 | |||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | |
Risk_all 1 | 3.41 | 0.79 | 4.13 | 0.40 | <0.001 *** | 3.27 | 0.92 | 4.18 | 0.55 | <0.001 *** |
client_p | 3.77 | 1.04 | 4.06 | 0.62 | 0.061 | 3.52 | 1.27 | 4.17 | 0.69 | 0.003 ** |
inter_att | 3.52 | 0.94 | 4.24 | 0.59 | <0.001 *** | 3.23 | 1.20 | 4.23 | 0.72 | <0.001 *** |
med_exp | 3.83 | 0.97 | 4.16 | 0.68 | 0.028 * | 3.11 | 1.32 | 4.19 | 0.82 | <0.001 *** |
med_sk | 3.02 | 1.37 | 4.15 | 0.84 | <0.001 *** | 3.45 | 1.32 | 4.50 | 0.64 | <0.001 *** |
complaint | 3.07 | 1.09 | 4.20 | 0.59 | <0.001 *** | 3.25 | 1.26 | 4.10 | 0.77 | <0.001 *** |
commu | 3.23 | 0.95 | 3.97 | 0.55 | <0.001 *** | 3.05 | 0.88 | 3.87 | 0.73 | <0.001 *** |
Risk Factors Dimensions | Veterinarians with Experiences | Veterinarians without Experiences | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 n = 52 | 2022 n = 114 | 2014 n = 21 | 2022 n = 12 | |||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | |
Risk_all 1 | 3.38 | 0.77 | 4.13 | 0.41 | <0.001 *** | 3.33 | 0.90 | 4.20 | 0.37 | 0.003 ** |
client_p | 3.75 | 1.03 | 4.05 | 0.64 | 0.05 * | 3.58 | 1.12 | 4.17 | 0.76 | 0.12 |
inter_att | 3.49 | 0.93 | 4.26 | 0.59 | <0.001 *** | 3.33 | 1.18 | 4.23 | 0.36 | 0.003 ** |
med_exp | 3.81 | 0.96 | 4.16 | 0.68 | 0.02 * | 3.25 | 1.32 | 4.28 | 0.62 | 0.005 ** |
med_sk | 2.98 | 1.36 | 4.12 | 0.85 | <0.001 *** | 3.45 | 1.30 | 4.29 | 0.75 | 0.05 |
complaint | 3.04 | 1.08 | 4.20 | 0.60 | <0.001 *** | 3.20 | 1.18 | 4.25 | 0.68 | 0.003 ** |
commu | 3.21 | 0.95 | 3.97 | 0.56 | <0.001 *** | 3.17 | 0.85 | 4.01 | 0.60 | 0.005 ** |
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Chen, Z.-F.; Hsu, Y.-H.E.; Lee, J.-J.; Chou, C.-H. Perceptions of Veterinarians and Veterinary Students on What Risk Factors Constitute Medical Disputes and Comparisons between 2014 and 2022. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 200. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10030200
Chen Z-F, Hsu Y-HE, Lee J-J, Chou C-H. Perceptions of Veterinarians and Veterinary Students on What Risk Factors Constitute Medical Disputes and Comparisons between 2014 and 2022. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10(3):200. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10030200
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Zih-Fang, Yi-Hsin Elsa Hsu, Jih-Jong Lee, and Chung-Hsi Chou. 2023. "Perceptions of Veterinarians and Veterinary Students on What Risk Factors Constitute Medical Disputes and Comparisons between 2014 and 2022" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 3: 200. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10030200