Most Custom Oral Appliances for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Do Not Meet the Definition of Custom
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Background
3. Prefabricated Displacement Screws
4. Prefabricated Connectors
5. Custom Interlocking Overlays
6. Review
- Is the OA made from records of an individual patient’s oral structures?
- Is the OA modified (trimmed, bent, relined) or primarily a prefabricated item?
7. Results
8. Discussion
8.1. Implications for Efficacy?
8.2. Signs of Different Outcomes Between Semi-Custom and Precision-Custom OAs
8.2.1. Signs of a Different Efficacy
8.2.2. Signs of Different Patient Preferences
8.2.3. Signs of Different Symptom Alleviation
8.2.4. Signs of Different Side Effects
8.2.5. Signs of Different Adverse Event Reports
9. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Custom OA Definition Criteria (Summarized) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Proposed Classification | Made from Oral Records of an Individual Patient? | Modified (Trimmed, Bent, Relined)? | And/Or IncludesPrefabricated Items? |
Semi-Custom | Yes | Yes | |
Precision-Custom | Yes | No |
Review Article | Author | Reference | Basic Description | 1. Made from Records of Oral Structures? | 2. Is the Device Modified or Primarily Prefabricated? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chen 2025 | Bloch 2000 | [12] | Push | Yes | Yes |
Chen 2025 | Pepin 2019 | [13] | Push | Yes | Yes |
Chen 2025 | Pepin 2019 | [13] | Push | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Randerath 2002 | [14] | Push | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Ghazal 2008 | [15] | Push | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Gagnadoux 2009 | [16] | Push | Yes | Yes |
Chen 2025 | Yanamoto 2021 | [17] | Pull | Yes | Yes |
Chen 2025 | Zhou 2012 | [18] | Pull | Yes | Yes |
Chen 2025 | Isacsson 2017 | [19] | Pull | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Vecchierini 2016 | [20] | Pull | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Vecchierini 2016 | [20] | Pull | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Tegelberg 2020 | [21] | Pull | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Kuna 2006 | [22] | Pull | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Henke 2000 | [23] | Pull | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Vanderveken 2024 | [24] | Pull | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Schneiderman 2020 | [25] | Pull | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Pancer 1999 | [26] | Pull | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Ghazal 2009 | [15] | Pull | Yes | Yes |
Chen 2025 | Gagnadoux 2009 | [16] | Interlocking | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Vanderveken 2024 | [24] | Interlocking | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Van Haesendonck 2016 | [27] | Interlocking | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Schneiderman 2020 | [25] | Interlocking | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Remmers 2013 | [28] | Interlocking | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Mehta 2001 | [29] | Interlocking | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | de Ruiter 2020 | [8] | Interlocking | Yes | Yes |
Chen 2025 | Abd-Ellah 2024 | [30] | Bi-Block | Yes | Yes |
Chen 2025 | Isacsson 2019 | [31] | Bi-Block | Yes | Yes |
Chen 2025 | Bosschieter 2022 | [32] | Anterior | Yes | Yes |
Chen 2025 | Johal 2017 | [33] | Anterior | Yes | Yes |
Chen 2025 | Friedman 2012 | [34] | Anterior | Yes | Yes |
Chen 2025 | Lettieri 2011 | [35] | Anterior | Yes | Yes |
Chen 2025 | Sari 2011 | [36] | Anterior | Yes | Yes |
Liptak 2025 | Stern 2021 | [37] | Dual-Post | Yes | No |
Liptak 2025 | Silva 2024 | [38] | Dual-Post | Yes | No |
Liptak 2025 | Sall 2023 | [39] | Dual-Post | Yes | No |
Liptak 2025 | Sall 2021 | [40] | Dual-Post | Yes | No |
Liptak 2025 | Remmers 2017 | [41] | Dual-Post | Yes | No |
Liptak 2025 | Murphy 2021 | [42] | Dual-Post | Yes | No |
Liptak 2025 | Mosca 2022 | [43] | Dual-Post | Yes | No |
Liptak 2025 | Kang 2022 | [44] | Dual-Post | Yes | No |
Liptak 2025 | Knowles 2021 | [45] | Dual-Post | Yes | No |
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Share and Cite
Liptak, L.A.; Mosca, E.; Sall, E.; Charkhandeh, S.; Kim, S.; Remmers, J.E. Most Custom Oral Appliances for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Do Not Meet the Definition of Custom. Bioengineering 2025, 12, 798. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12080798
Liptak LA, Mosca E, Sall E, Charkhandeh S, Kim S, Remmers JE. Most Custom Oral Appliances for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Do Not Meet the Definition of Custom. Bioengineering. 2025; 12(8):798. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12080798
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiptak, Leonard A., Erin Mosca, Edward Sall, Shouresh Charkhandeh, Sung Kim, and John E. Remmers. 2025. "Most Custom Oral Appliances for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Do Not Meet the Definition of Custom" Bioengineering 12, no. 8: 798. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12080798
APA StyleLiptak, L. A., Mosca, E., Sall, E., Charkhandeh, S., Kim, S., & Remmers, J. E. (2025). Most Custom Oral Appliances for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Do Not Meet the Definition of Custom. Bioengineering, 12(8), 798. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12080798