From Catchment to National Scale Rainfall-Runoff Modelling: Demonstration of a Hydrological Modelling Framework
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background and Methodology
2.1. Description of the Hydrological Modelling Framework
2.2. Background on CLASSIC
2.3. Setting up CLASSIC-GB
2.4. Catchments
Station Number | River | Area (km2) | SAAR61–90 (mm) | Altituderange (m) | BFI | HOST |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12002 | Dee @ Park1 | 1844 | 1081 | 23–1309 | 0.53 | 17, 15, 29 |
15006 | Tay @ Ballathie1 | 4587 | 1425 | 26–1210 | 0.64 | 17, 15 |
27009 | Ouse @ Skelton1 | 3315 | 900 | 5–714 | 0.39 | 24, 29, 26 |
27034 | Ure @ Kilgram1 | 510 | 1342 | 88–710 | 0.32 | 29, 26, 6 |
27041 | Derwent @ Buttercrambe1 | 1586 | 765 | 10–452 | 0.69 | 24, 4, 2 |
39001 | Thames @ Kingston1 | 9948 | 706 | 5–330 | 0.63 | 25, 1, 2 |
39081 | Ock @ Abingdon1 | 234 | 639 | 51–260 | 0.64 | 25, 2, 3 |
43021 | Avon @ Knapp Mill1 | 1706 | 810 | 1–294 | 0.86 | 1 |
47001 | Tamar @ Gunnislake1 | 917 | 1216 | 8–580 | 0.46 | 17, 24, 21 |
54001 | Severn @ Bewdley1 | 4325 | 913 | 17–826 | 0.53 | 24, 17, 18 |
54057 | Severn @ Haw Bridge1 | 9895 | 792 | 11–826 | 0.56 | 24, 18 |
71001 | Ribble @ Samlesbury1 | 1145 | 1353 | 10–688 | 0.33 | 24, 26, 29 |
84013 | Clyde @ Daldowie1 | 1903 | 1129 | 8–745 | 0.46 | 24, 15, 29 |
04001 | Conon @ Moy Bridge | 962 | 1770 | 10–1100 | 0.57 | 15, 19, 29, 12 |
10002 | Ugie @ Inverugie | 325 | 812 | 9–234 | 0.63 | 17, 24 |
11001 | Don @ Parkhill1 | 1273 | 885 | 32–874 | 0.68 | 17, 15 |
13007 | North Esk @ Logie Mill | 732 | 1074 | 11–929 | 0.51 | 15, 18, 17 |
21008 | Teviot @ Ormiston Mill | 1110 | 939 | 43–611 | 0.45 | 19, 6, 15, 24, 17 |
21009 | Tweed @ Norham1 | 4390 | 955 | 4–838 | 0.52 | 17, 15, 24 |
22001 | Coquet @ Morwick | 570 | 850 | 5–775 | 0.44 | 24, 15 |
22009 | Coquet @ Rothbury | 346 | 905 | 71–775 | 0.48 | 24, 29, 15, 19 |
23004 | South Tyne @ Haydon Bridge | 751 | 1148 | 59–893 | 0.34 | 24, 29, 26 |
24009 | Wear @ Chester le Street1 | 1008 | 885 | 6–745 | 0.46 | 24, 26 |
27007 | Ure @ Westwick Lock1 | 915 | 1118 | 14–710 | 0.39 | 24, 26, 29, 6 |
27021 | Don @ Doncaster | 1256 | 799 | 4–543 | 0.56 | 24, 4 |
28022 | Trent @ North Muskham1 | 8231 | 747 | 5–634 | 0.65 | 24, 21 |
28066 | Cole @ Coleshill | 130 | 722 | 79–202 | 0.42 | 24, 21 |
28085 | Derwent @ St Mary’s Bridge | 1054 | 1012 | 44–634 | 0.63 | 4, 24, 15 |
33019 | Thet @ Melford Bridge | 316 | 620 | 11–71 | 0.78 | 1, 24, 5, 18 |
33026 | Bedford Ouse @ Offord1 | 2570 | 609 | 11–247 | 0.50 | 21, 23, 25 |
36006 | Stour @ Langham | 578 | 580 | 6–128 | 0.52 | 21, 5 |
39006 | Windrush @ Newbridge | 363 | 743 | 63–317 | 0.86 | 2, 23 |
39016 | Kennet @ Theale1 | 1038 | 759 | 43–296 | 0.88 | 1, 25, 18 |
39020 | Coln @ Bibury | 107 | 820 | 101–330 | 0.93 | 2, 23 |
39034 | Evenlode @ Cassington Mill1 | 430 | 691 | 60–267 | 0.71 | 2, 25 |
40003 | Medway @ Teston1 | 1256 | 744 | 7–268 | 0.40 | 25, 18, 24 |
40011 | Great Stour @ Horton | 345 | 747 | 13–196 | 0.69 | 1, 18, 25, 3 |
42004 | Test @ Broadlands | 1040 | 790 | 10–296 | 0.94 | 1, 6 |
45001 | Exe @ Thorveton | 601 | 1295 | 26–514 | 0.50 | 17 |
45005 | Otter @ Dotton | 202 | 976 | 15–302 | 0.53 | 21, 3, 24 |
50006 | Mole @ Woodleigh | 327 | 1307 | 48–490 | 0.47 | 17, 24 |
53018 | Avon @ Bathford1 | 1552 | 817 | 18–304 | 0.57 | 2, 25, 23 |
54002 | Avon @ Evesham | 2210 | 654 | 20–317 | 0.52 | 25, 24, 21, 23 |
54029 | Teme @ Knightsford Bridge | 1480 | 818 | 21–545 | 0.55 | 18, 4 |
55023 | Wye @ Redbrook1 | 4010 | 1011 | 9–749 | 0.54 | 18, 17, 24 |
56001 | Usk @ Chain Bridge | 912 | 1363 | 23–885 | 0.50 | 4, 17, 15, 5, 26 |
60003 | Taf @ Clog-y-Fran | 217 | 1420 | 9–392 | 0.55 | 17 |
62001 | Teifi @ Glan Teifi1 | 894 | 1382 | 66–592 | 0.54 | 17, 24 |
67015 | Dee @ Manley Hall | 1013 | 1369 | 25–878 | 0.54 | 17, 15, 24, 29 |
68005 | Weaver @ Audlem | 207 | 719 | 45–221 | 0.54 | 24, 18, 5, 10 |
72004 | Lune @ Caton1 | 983 | 1523 | 11–734 | 0.32 | 29, 24, 26, 15 |
73005 | Kent @ Sedgwick | 209 | 1732 | 19–812 | 0.41 | 17, 29 |
76007 | Eden @ Sheepmount1 | 2286 | 1183 | 10–945 | 0.49 | 24, 5, 29 |
79003 | Nith @ Hall Bridge | 155 | 1505 | 173–607 | 0.27 | 24, 15, 29 |
2.5. Model Assessment Methods
Band | NS | Bias (%) | mmfd |
---|---|---|---|
1 | NS ≥ 0.8 | −10 ≤ Bias ≤ 10 | mmfd ≤ 20 |
2 | 0.6 ≤ NS< 0.8 | −20 ≤ Bias < −10 or 10 < Bias ≤ 20 | 20 < mmfd ≤ 40 |
3 | NS < 0.6 | Bias < −20 or Bias > 20 | mmfd > 40 |
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Initial Results
Station Number | 10 km | 5 km | 2.5 km | 1 km | CLASSIC-Catchment | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NS | Bias | NS | Bias | NS | Bias | NS | Bias | NS | Bias | |
39081 | N/A | N/A | 0.68 | −33.5 | 0.78 | −23.4 | 0.80 | −13.6 | 0.79 | 5.7 |
27034 | 0.39 | 44.5 | 0.78 | −5.5 | 0.72 | 1.5 | 0.78 | 2.8 | 0.59 | 2.8 |
47001 | 0.69 | 32.0 | 0.83 | 2.3 | 0.83 | −0.4 | 0.82 | 0.6 | 0.80 | 0.3 |
71001 | 0.71 | 18.1 | 0.79 | 2.5 | 0.70 | 0.0 | 0.73 | 0.4 | 0.64 | 4.7 |
27041 | 0.74 | −8.2 | 0.66 | −7.1 | 0.66 | −4.9 | 0.65 | −5.3 | 0.93 | 3.4 |
43021 | 0.68 | −10.9 | 0.63 | −15.6 | 0.63 | −16.8 | 0.60 | −17.6 | 0.89 | −10.1 |
12002 | 0.64 | 2.2 | 0.63 | −6.7 | 0.57 | −3.4 | 0.55 | −3.4 | 0.74 | -2.3 |
84013 | 0.82 | 7.1 | 0.79 | −1.3 | 0.79 | − 1.3 | 0.80 | −2.5 | 0.85 | −1.3 |
27009 | 0.81 | 9.5 | 0.83 | −4.7 | 0.76 | 4.2 | 0.80 | 3.1 | 0.92 | 8.6 |
54001 | 0.72 | 10.7 | 0.77 | −2.2 | 0.66 | 5.8 | 0.66 | 4.6 | 0.90 | 11.3 |
15006 | 0.50 | −7.7 | 0.50 | −9.4 | 0.48 | −7.5 | 0.46 | −7.7 | 0.85 | −7.4 |
54057 | 0.74 | 9.7 | 0.81 | −1.5 | 0.78 | 2.8 | 0.78 | 2.1 | 0.85 | 6.0 |
39001 | 0.84 | −7.4 | 0.82 | −4.6 | 0.81 | −5.9 | 0.81 | −5.9 | 0.96 | −0.9 |
Average* | 0.69 | 8.3 | 0.74 | −4.5 | 0.70 | −2.2 | 0.70 | −2.4 | 0.82 | 1.3 |
3.2. Development of CLASSIC-GB
3.3. Final Results
3.4. Discussion
Number of Catchments | 10 km | 5 km | 2.5 km | 1 km | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NS | Bias | mmfd | NS | Bias | mmfd | NS | Bias | mmfd | NS | Bias | mmfd | ||
Overall | 0.77 | −1.3 | 33.3 | 0.78 | −4.7 | 28.9 | 0.77 | −3.6 | 27.7 | 0.78 | −3.3 | 26.8 | |
Area (km2) | |||||||||||||
< 350 | 12 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.72 | −9.5 | 42.7 | 0.74 | −9.4 | 40.8 | 0.74 | −7.1 | 37.9 |
350–999 | 14 | 0.71 | −1.2 | 44.0 | 0.76 | −5.5 | 29.1 | 0.74 | −4.7 | 26.7 | 0.76 | −5.2 | 26.3 |
1000–1999 | 15 | 0.78 | −3.3 | 30.2 | 0.80 | −2.8 | 23.8 | 0.77 | −0.6 | 23.5 | 0.78 | −0.9 | 22.9 |
≥ 2000 | 12 | 0.85 | 0.3 | 21.3 | 0.84 | −1.5 | 21.2 | 0.82 | −0.4 | 21.2 | 0.83 | −0.3 | 21.5 |
SAAR61–90 (mm) | |||||||||||||
580–749 | 12 | 0.77 | 0.8 | 36.8 | 0.75 | −4.2 | 43.9 | 0.78 | −3.6 | 40.7 | 0.78 | −2.4 | 38.0 |
750–949 | 16 | 0.79 | −3.1 | 31.4 | 0.82 | −5.4 | 24.7 | 0.80 | −2.8 | 25.3 | 0.80 | −3.0 | 25.0 |
950–1299 | 12 | 0.75 | −3.2 | 36.0 | 0.78 | −0.1 | 24.4 | 0.74 | −0.1 | 21.5 | 0.75 | −0.5 | 21.6 |
≥ 1300 | 13 | 0.74 | 1.7 | 29.4 | 0.78 | −8.6 | 24.4 | 0.75 | −7.9 | 24.5 | 0.77 | −7.1 | 23.7 |
BFI | |||||||||||||
0.27–0.49 | 17 | 0.75 | 1.6 | 35.9 | 0.79 | −5.5 | 23.0 | 0.76 | −3.1 | 18.9 | 0.78 | −3.0 | 19.7 |
0.50–0.59 | 20 | 0.82 | −3.4 | 29.6 | 0.79 | −4.4 | 31.0 | 0.78 | −4.8 | 32.8 | 0.79 | −4.5 | 31.4 |
≥ 0.60 | 16 | 0.72 | −1.6 | 35.3 | 0.76 | −4.4 | 32.5 | 0.76 | −2.8 | 30.8 | 0.76 | −2.3 | 28.9 |
Max altitude (m) | |||||||||||||
70–299 | 12 | 0.76 | −2.8 | 34.5 | 0.75 | −7.2 | 41.8 | 0.79 | −7.3 | 39.4 | 0.77 | −6.0 | 36.7 |
300–599 | 13 | 0.82 | 5.0 | 33.1 | 0.81 | −1.3 | 28.1 | 0.79 | −1.2 | 28.9 | 0.81 | −0.6 | 27.0 |
600–799 | 14 | 0.75 | 2.1 | 33.8 | 0.80 | −4.8 | 24.5 | 0.76 | −2.8 | 21.0 | 0.79 | −2.8 | 21.4 |
≥ 800 | 14 | 0.76 | −7.9 | 32.1 | 0.76 | −5.7 | 22.9 | 0.75 | −3.6 | 23.5 | 0.75 | −4.1 | 23.7 |
3.5. Additional Analyses
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflict of Interest
References and Notes
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Crooks, S.M.; Kay, A.L.; Davies, H.N.; Bell, V.A. From Catchment to National Scale Rainfall-Runoff Modelling: Demonstration of a Hydrological Modelling Framework. Hydrology 2014, 1, 63-88. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology1010063
Crooks SM, Kay AL, Davies HN, Bell VA. From Catchment to National Scale Rainfall-Runoff Modelling: Demonstration of a Hydrological Modelling Framework. Hydrology. 2014; 1(1):63-88. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology1010063
Chicago/Turabian StyleCrooks, Susan M., Alison L. Kay, Helen N. Davies, and Victoria A. Bell. 2014. "From Catchment to National Scale Rainfall-Runoff Modelling: Demonstration of a Hydrological Modelling Framework" Hydrology 1, no. 1: 63-88. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology1010063