Changes in the Population Size of Calbindin D-28k-Immunoreactive Enteric Neurons in the Porcine Caecum under the Influence of Bisphenol A: A Preliminary Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Animals and BPA Dosing
2.2. Collection of the Fragments of the Caecum and Preparation to Immunofluorescence Method
2.3. Immunohistochemistry Method
2.4. Counting of CB-Positive Neurons
2.5. Evaluation of the Impact of BPA on the Total Population of Enteric Neuronal Cells
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Part of the ENS | C Group | Group I | Group II | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | A | B | A | B | |
MP | ||||||
Animal 1 | 526/75 | 14.26% | 507/92 | 18.15% | 582/128 | 21.99% |
Animal 2 | 532/38 | 7.14% | 519/61 | 11.75% | 500/96 | 19.20% |
Animal 3 | 507/35 | 6.90% | 504/79 | 15.67% | 507/94 | 18.54% |
Animal 4 | 582/65 | 11.16% | 518/81 | 15.63% | 513/98 | 19.10% |
Animal 5 | 557/36 | 6.46% | 523/93 | 17.78% | 526/91 | 17.30% |
Average ± SEM | 9.18 ± 1.53% | 15.80 ± 1.14% * (p = 0.0084) | 19.23 ± 0.77% * (p = 0.0004) | |||
OSP | ||||||
Animal 1 | 513/29 | 5.65 | 526/35 | 6.65 | 521/72 | 13.82 |
Animal 2 | 506/52 | 10.28 | 501/56 | 11.18 | 506/61 | 12.06 |
Animal 3 | 523/31 | 5.93 | 535/29 | 5.42 | 509/71 | 13.95 |
Animal 4 | 502/49 | 9.76 | 519/52 | 10.02 | 516/67 | 12.98 |
Animal 5 | 518/37 | 7.14 | 508/38 | 7.48 | 532/76 | 12.29 |
Average ± SEM | 7.75 ± 0.96% | 8.15 ± 1.07% (p = 0.7890) | 13.42 ± 0.40% * (p = 0.0010) | |||
ISP | ||||||
Animal 1 | 526/117 | 20.81 | 509/129 | 25.34 | 538/179 | 33.27 |
Animal 2 | 543/103 | 18.97 | 523/121 | 23.14 | 506/176 | 34.78 |
Animal 3 | 518/92 | 17.76 | 514/135 | 26.26 | 523/194 | 37.09 |
Animal 4 | 523/119 | 22.75 | 502/132 | 26.29 | 520/153 | 29.42 |
Animal 5 | 536/117 | 21.83 | 524/136 | 25.95 | 536/148 | 27.61 |
Average ± SEM | 20.42 ± 0.92% | 25.40 ± 0.59% * (p = 0.018) | 32.43 ± 1.74% * (p = 0.0003) |
Part of the ENS | C Group | Group I | Group II |
---|---|---|---|
MP | |||
Animal 1 | 1908 | 2043 | 1634 |
Animal 2 | 2198 | 1865 | 1412 |
Animal 3 | 2326 | 2108 | 1134 |
Animal 4 | 2260 | 1798 | 1698 |
Animal 5 | 1795 | 1516 | 1585 |
Average ± SEM | 2097 ± 104.0 | 1866 ± 104.2 (p = 0.1545) | 1493 ± 101.5 * (p = 0.0031) |
OSP | |||
Animal 1 | 1323 | 1287 | 878 |
Animal 2 | 1562 | 1623 | 1004 |
Animal 3 | 1317 | 1229 | 1172 |
Animal 4 | 1962 | 1098 | 997 |
Animal 5 | 1524 | 1320 | 800 |
Average ± SEM | 1538 ± 117.4 | 1311 ± 86.82 (p = 0.1596) | 1130 ± 59.95% * (p = 0.0028) |
ISP | |||
Animal 1 | 2318 | 1476 | 1297 |
Animal 2 | 1721 | 1697 | 1583 |
Animal 3 | 1415 | 1318 | 1321 |
Animal 4 | 2276 | 1426 | 1419 |
Animal 5 | 2115 | 1586 | 1492 |
Average ± SEM | 1969 ± 174.0 | 1501 ± 65.34 * (p = 0.0358) | 1422 ± 53.22 * (p = 0.0170) |
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Gonkowski, I.; Gonkowski, S.; Dzika, E.; Wojtkiewicz, J. Changes in the Population Size of Calbindin D-28k-Immunoreactive Enteric Neurons in the Porcine Caecum under the Influence of Bisphenol A: A Preliminary Study. Toxics 2021, 9, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9010001
Gonkowski I, Gonkowski S, Dzika E, Wojtkiewicz J. Changes in the Population Size of Calbindin D-28k-Immunoreactive Enteric Neurons in the Porcine Caecum under the Influence of Bisphenol A: A Preliminary Study. Toxics. 2021; 9(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleGonkowski, Ignacy, Slawomir Gonkowski, Ewa Dzika, and Joanna Wojtkiewicz. 2021. "Changes in the Population Size of Calbindin D-28k-Immunoreactive Enteric Neurons in the Porcine Caecum under the Influence of Bisphenol A: A Preliminary Study" Toxics 9, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9010001