Heavy Metal Pollution of Chari River Water during the Crossing of N’Djamena (Chad)
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Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
2
Laboratoire de l’Eau et de l’Environnement FSEA BP 1027 Université de N’Djamena, Chad
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: David R. Wallace
Toxics 2017, 5(4), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics5040026
Received: 30 July 2017
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Revised: 5 October 2017
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Accepted: 6 October 2017
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Published: 12 October 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Contaminants in Water: Is It still a Conundrum?)
This study was carried out to identify and assess the water quality of the Chari River. The Chari, 1200 km long, is Chad’s major water source. Municipal sewage, industrial wastewater discharge, and seasonal run-off from agriculture are regularly fed into the river. Several trace metals such as Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni, Cr, Mn, and Cd, were measured in different sampling stations located along the Chari River at N’Djamena in different campaigns from 2008 to 2010. Overall, manganese, zinc, chromium, and copper concentration levels were mainly in the range of the permissible limits prescribed by WHO guidelines (WHO 2011). Nickel, iron, and cadmium concentrations were still high. This preliminary study allowed us to identify the magnitude of toxic pollutants, which are responsible for Chari River water contamination in the study area. This study revealed that urgent measures must be taken to protect the local people from health problems resulting from high concentrations of heavy metals.
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Keywords:
Chari River; heavy metals; pollution; water surface; data analysis
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MDPI and ACS Style
Nambatingar, N.; Clement, Y.; Merle, A.; New Mahamat, T.; Lanteri, P. Heavy Metal Pollution of Chari River Water during the Crossing of N’Djamena (Chad). Toxics 2017, 5, 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics5040026
AMA Style
Nambatingar N, Clement Y, Merle A, New Mahamat T, Lanteri P. Heavy Metal Pollution of Chari River Water during the Crossing of N’Djamena (Chad). Toxics. 2017; 5(4):26. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics5040026
Chicago/Turabian StyleNambatingar, N’garam, Yohann Clement, Alain Merle, Tchadanaye New Mahamat, and Pierre Lanteri. 2017. "Heavy Metal Pollution of Chari River Water during the Crossing of N’Djamena (Chad)" Toxics 5, no. 4: 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics5040026
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