Life Expectancy and Mortality in the Aspect of Diverse Environmental Exposure to PCDD/Fs and PCBs—Ecological Case Study from the Silesia Province, Poland

The present ecological study endeavours to evaluate the variability of life expectancy (MLE) and mortality rate (MR) on a micro scale, specifically between populations of neighbouring villages in the Silesia Province. This endeavour is of particular significance due to the chronic exposure to halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in one of the villages under study. The present study is innovative in comparison with previous research in this field, as it considers the impact of the most toxic dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD), and utilises a village-level reference area. A thorough investigation was undertaken to determine the possible consequences of inhalation exposure within the local community to polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). A robust correlation was evidenced between chronic exposure of case study residents to 2.3.7.8-TCDD and their mortality. Furthermore, an investigation revealed a strong correlation between the concentration of 2.3.7.8-TCDD in the air and actual MLE. An increase in the concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD by 10 fg I-TEQ/m³ has the potential to result in a reduction in the mean MLE of the exposed inhabitants of Silesia by 1 year and 9 months. In addition, the results of this study indicate that the female population exhibits a lifespan that is 7 years and 10 months longer than that of the male population. However, given the substantial differences in the mean MLE observed also in low-polluted areas of this region, it is probable that not only environmental factors, including exposure to PCDD/Fs and PCBs, but also various socio-economic factors may be involved.