Exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene and 1-Nitropyrene in Particulate Matter Increases Oxidative Stress in the Human Body
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants
2.2. BaP and 1-NP Atmospheric Air Concentration Measurement
2.3. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) Urinary Concentration Measurement
2.4. Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Substance (TBARS) Urinary Concentration Measurement
2.5. 1-OHP Urinary Concentration Measurement
2.6. 6-OHNP and 1-NAAP Urinary Concentration Measurement
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | N (%) | Mean ± S.D. | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 44 (100%) | 63.8 ± 12.1 yr | |
Sex | Male | 18 (40.9%) | |
Females | 26 (59.1%) | ||
Smoking habit | Never smokers | 28 (63.6%) | |
Ex-smokers | 9 (20.5%) | ||
Current smokers | 7 (16.0%) | ||
Residential area | Incinerator area | 16 (36.4%) | |
Industrial complex area | 10 (22.7%) | ||
Rural area | 18 (40.9%) |
Variables | Mean ± SD | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Winter (N = 44) | Summer (N = 44) | ||
Benzo[a]pyrene in the atmospheric air (ng/m3) | 0.68 ± 0.37 | 0.15 ± 0.06 | <0.0001 |
1-Nitropyrene in the atmospheric air (pg/m3) | 1.31 ± 0.54 | 0.44 ± 0.44 | <0.0001 |
TBARS in the urine (μM/g creatinine) | 1.51 ± 0.80 | 2.74 ± 1.39 | <0.0001 |
8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in the urine (μg/g creatinine) | 1.16 ± 0.70 | 1.44 ± 0.89 | 0.2142 |
1-OHP in the urine (μg/g creatinine) | 0.04 ± 0.04 | 0.04 ± 0.06 | 0.5424 |
6-OHNP in the urine (ng/g creatinine) | 4.30 ± 6.44 | 1.65 ± 2.15 | 0.0012 |
1-NAAP in the urine (ng/g creatinine) | 0.20 ± 0.18 | 0.35 ± 0.52 | 0.0027 |
Variables | Season | TBARs in Urine (μM/g Creatinine) | 8-OHdG in Urine (μg/g Creatinine) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | p-Value | β | p-Value | ||
Current smoker (no = 0, yes = 1) | Winter | −0.106 | 0.7962 | −0.454 | 0.2485 |
Summer | 14.41 | 0.0412 | 0.990 | 0.0466 | |
Cumulative smoking amount (Pack year) | Winter | 0.011 | 0.2994 | 0.018 | 0.0748 |
Summer | −0.052 | 0.0048 | 0.013 | 0.3089 | |
Benzo[a]pyrene in air (ng/m3) | Winter | 0.760 | 0.0251 | 0.207 | 0.8833 |
Summer | 5.566 | 0.1158 | 5.496 | 0.0313 | |
1-Nitropyrene in air (pg/m3) | Winter | −0.271 | 0.2531 | −0.156 | 0.5174 |
Summer | 0.345 | 0.4593 | −0.309 | 0.3511 | |
1-OHP in urine (μg/g creatinine) | Winter | −432.7 | 0.1662 | 276.6 | 0.3503 |
Summer | 407.0 | 0.4167 | −657.5 | 0.0651 | |
6-OHNP in urine (ng/g creatinine) | Winter | 0.762 | 0.7038 | −2.803 | 0.1482 |
Summer | −11.22 | 0.2212 | 6.256 | 0.3324 | |
1-NAAP in urine (ng/g creatinine) | Winter | 49.08 | 0.4670 | 134.2 | 0.0373 |
Summer | 39.72 | 0.2899 | 55.69 | 0.0300 |
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Choi, S.-H.; Ochirpurev, B.; Toriba, A.; Won, J.-U.; Kim, H. Exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene and 1-Nitropyrene in Particulate Matter Increases Oxidative Stress in the Human Body. Toxics 2023, 11, 797. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090797
Choi S-H, Ochirpurev B, Toriba A, Won J-U, Kim H. Exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene and 1-Nitropyrene in Particulate Matter Increases Oxidative Stress in the Human Body. Toxics. 2023; 11(9):797. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090797
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Sun-Haeng, Bolormaa Ochirpurev, Akira Toriba, Jong-Uk Won, and Heon Kim. 2023. "Exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene and 1-Nitropyrene in Particulate Matter Increases Oxidative Stress in the Human Body" Toxics 11, no. 9: 797. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090797