Comparative Assessment of Antibiotic Residues Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and a Rapid Screening Test in Raw Milk Collected from the North-Central Algerian Dairies

Meklati, Fawzi Rostane; Panara, Anthi; Hadef, Ahmed; Meribai, Amel; Ben-Mahdi, Meriem H.; Dasenaki, Marilena E.; Thomaidis, Nikolaos S.

doi:10.3390/toxics10010019

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Assessment of Antibiotic Residues Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and a Rapid Screening Test in Raw Milk Collected from the North-Central Algerian Dairies

by

Fawzi Rostane Meklati

^1,2

,

Anthi Panara

³,

Ahmed Hadef

^4,5

,

Amel Meribai

⁶,

Meriem H. Ben-Mahdi

²,

Marilena E. Dasenaki

^7,*

and

Nikolaos S. Thomaidis

^3,*

¹

Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques CRAPC, BP 384 Bou-Ismail, Tipaza 42004, Algeria

²

Laboratoire de Recherche «Santé et Productions Animales», Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire ENSV, Rabie Bouchama, Oued-Smar, Algiers 16000, Algeria

³

Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece

⁴

Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Chadli Bendjedid University of El Taref, PB 73, El-Taref 36000, Algeria

⁵

Laboratory of Development and Control of Hospital Pharmaceutical Preparations, Faculty of Medicine, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, Annaba 23000, Algeria

⁶

Laboratoire de Recherche en Technologie Alimentaire et Nutrition Humaine, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, Algiers 16004, Algeria

⁷

Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Toxics 2022, 10(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010019

Submission received: 22 November 2021 / Revised: 29 December 2021 / Accepted: 31 December 2021 / Published: 5 January 2022

(This article belongs to the Topic Instrumental and Bioanalytical Methods for Food Contaminant Detection)

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Abstract

Antibiotic residues in milk are a major health threat for the consumer and a hazard to the dairy industry, causing significant economic losses. This study aims to assess the presence of antibiotic residues in raw milk comparatively by a rapid screening test (BetaStar^® Combo) and Liquid Chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 445 samples were collected from 3 dairy companies of north-central Algeria (Algiers, Blida, Boumerdes), and they were rapidly screened for β-lactams and tetracyclines; 52 samples, comprising 34 positive tanker-truck milk and 18 negative bulk-tank milk were tested by LC-MS/MS, which revealed 90.4% were contaminated (n = 47) and 55.3% exceeded the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). The β-lactams as parent compounds and their metabolites were the most frequently detected with maximum value for cloxacillin (1231 µg/kg) and penicillin G (2062 µg/kg). Under field condition, the false-positive results, particularly for tetracyclines, seems to be related to milk samples displaying extreme acidity values (≥19°D) or fat-level fluctuations (2.7 g/100 mL and 5.6–6.2 g/100 mL). Despite a relatively low prevalence (7.64%) of residues using the rapid test, the detection by LC-MS/MS of flumequine (52 µg/kg), cefaclor (maximum 220 µg/kg) and metabolites of β-lactams at high levels should lead to reflections on the control of their human and environmental toxicological effects.

Keywords: antibiotics; contaminant residues; LC-MS/MS; MRL; rapid screening test; raw milk

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MDPI and ACS Style

Meklati, F.R.; Panara, A.; Hadef, A.; Meribai, A.; Ben-Mahdi, M.H.; Dasenaki, M.E.; Thomaidis, N.S. Comparative Assessment of Antibiotic Residues Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and a Rapid Screening Test in Raw Milk Collected from the North-Central Algerian Dairies. Toxics 2022, 10, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010019

AMA Style

Meklati FR, Panara A, Hadef A, Meribai A, Ben-Mahdi MH, Dasenaki ME, Thomaidis NS. Comparative Assessment of Antibiotic Residues Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and a Rapid Screening Test in Raw Milk Collected from the North-Central Algerian Dairies. Toxics. 2022; 10(1):19. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010019

Chicago/Turabian Style

Meklati, Fawzi Rostane, Anthi Panara, Ahmed Hadef, Amel Meribai, Meriem H. Ben-Mahdi, Marilena E. Dasenaki, and Nikolaos S. Thomaidis. 2022. "Comparative Assessment of Antibiotic Residues Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and a Rapid Screening Test in Raw Milk Collected from the North-Central Algerian Dairies" Toxics 10, no. 1: 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010019

APA Style

Meklati, F. R., Panara, A., Hadef, A., Meribai, A., Ben-Mahdi, M. H., Dasenaki, M. E., & Thomaidis, N. S. (2022). Comparative Assessment of Antibiotic Residues Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and a Rapid Screening Test in Raw Milk Collected from the North-Central Algerian Dairies. Toxics, 10(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010019

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Comparative Assessment of Antibiotic Residues Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and a Rapid Screening Test in Raw Milk Collected from the North-Central Algerian Dairies

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