Geographical Origin Discrimination of Monofloral Honeys by Direct Analysis in Real Time Ionization-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (DART-HRMS)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Reagents
2.2. Honey Samples
2.3. Sample Preparation
2.4. DART-HRMS Analysis
2.5. Data Processing and Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Model Performance (%) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recognition Ability (Modelling) | Prediction Ability (CV c 10) | External Prediction | |||||||
ITA a | POR b | Mean | ITA | POR | Mean | ITA | POR | Mean | |
PCA/LDA d (7 Principal Components) | 100.0 (30/30) | 96.7 (29/30) | 98.4 | 100.0 (30/30) | 96.7 (29/30) | 98.4 | 88.9 (8/9) | 91.7 (44/48) | 90.3 |
PLS-DA e (10 Latent Variables) | 100.0 (30/30) | 96.7 (29/30) | 98.4 | 100.0 (30/30) | 93.3 (28/30) | 96.7 | 88.9 (8/9) | 89.6 (43/48) | 89.2 |
k-NN f (k value of 3) | 96.7 (29/30) | 100.0 (30/30) | 98.4 | 96.7 (29/30) | 100.0 (30/30) | 98.4 | 88.9 (8/9) | 93.8 (45/48) | 91.4 |
Model Performance (%) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recognition Ability (Modelling) | Prediction Ability (CV c 10) | External Prediction | |||||||
ITA a | CHI b | Mean | ITA | CHI | Mean | ITA | CHI | Mean | |
PCA/LDA d (9 Principal Components) | 96.7 (29/30) | 93.3 (28/30) | 95.0 | 96.7 (29/30) | 90.0 (27/30) | 93.4 | 89.6 (43/48) | 88.9 (8/9) | 89.2 |
PLS-DA e (12 Latent Variables) | 100.0 (30/30) | 93.3 (28/30) | 96.7 | 96.7 (29/30) | 93.3 (28/30) | 95.0 | 93.8 (45/48) | 77.8 (7/9) | 85.8 |
k-NN f (k value of 3) | 100.0 (30/30) | 90.0 (27/30) | 95.0 | 93.3 (28/30) | 90.0 (27/30) | 91.7 | 91.7 (44/48) | 88.9 (8/9) | 90.3 |
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Lippolis, V.; De Angelis, E.; Fiorino, G.M.; Di Gioia, A.; Arlorio, M.; Logrieco, A.F.; Monaci, L. Geographical Origin Discrimination of Monofloral Honeys by Direct Analysis in Real Time Ionization-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (DART-HRMS). Foods 2020, 9, 1205. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091205
Lippolis V, De Angelis E, Fiorino GM, Di Gioia A, Arlorio M, Logrieco AF, Monaci L. Geographical Origin Discrimination of Monofloral Honeys by Direct Analysis in Real Time Ionization-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (DART-HRMS). Foods. 2020; 9(9):1205. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091205
Chicago/Turabian StyleLippolis, Vincenzo, Elisabetta De Angelis, Giuseppina Maria Fiorino, Annalisa Di Gioia, Marco Arlorio, Antonio Francesco Logrieco, and Linda Monaci. 2020. "Geographical Origin Discrimination of Monofloral Honeys by Direct Analysis in Real Time Ionization-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (DART-HRMS)" Foods 9, no. 9: 1205. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091205