Induction of Terminal Oxidases of Electron Transport Chain in Broccoli Heads under Controlled Atmosphere Storage
by
Yoshio Makino 1,*
, Jun Inoue 1, Hsiao-Wen Wang 1, Masatoshi Yoshimura 1, Kensaku Maejima 1, Sachiko Funayama-Noguchi 2, Takeshi Yamada 3 and Ko Noguchi 4
Yoshio Makino 1,*, Jun Inoue 1, Hsiao-Wen Wang 1, Masatoshi Yoshimura 1, Kensaku Maejima 1, Sachiko Funayama-Noguchi 2, Takeshi Yamada 3 and Ko Noguchi 4
1
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan
2
Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
3
P-Plus Project, Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd., 5-8, 2-chome, Higashi-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, 140-0002 Tokyo, Japan
4
School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392 Tokyo, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2020, 9(4), 380; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9040380
Received: 27 February 2020 / Revised: 18 March 2020 / Accepted: 19 March 2020 / Published: 25 March 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Food Quality and Safety)
Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage, that is, at low O2 and high CO2 concentrations, effectively extends the shelf life of horticultural products. The influence of CA storage (O2/CO2: 2.5%/6.0% or 2.5%/0.0%) and in normal air (both at 1 °C for 21 d) on the physicochemical (O2 uptake, mass loss and L-ascorbate) and biological properties of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica, Plenck, 1794) via amounts and activities of terminal oxidases of the electron transport chain was investigated. Mass loss, a sensitive index of freshness for broccoli heads under CA, was significantly lower under CA than under normoxia (p < 0.05). Mass loss was depressed 7 d earlier under CA, including 6.0% CO2 than under CA without CO2. High CO2 effectively depressed the degradation of L-ascorbate. During storage, the activity of the alternative oxidase (AOX) was lower under CA than in normal air (p < 0.05), while the amount of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), and the AOX/COX activity ratio (based on oxygen isotope discrimination), were not affected during storage. Our results indicate that CA storage effectively retained the freshness of broccoli heads by depressing the induction of AOX. However, depression of AOX amount was not associated with CO2 around broccoli heads.
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Keywords:
alternative oxidase; Brassica oleracea var. italica; cytochrome c oxidase; mass loss; oxygen isotope discrimination
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MDPI and ACS Style
Makino, Y.; Inoue, J.; Wang, H.-W.; Yoshimura, M.; Maejima, K.; Funayama-Noguchi, S.; Yamada, T.; Noguchi, K. Induction of Terminal Oxidases of Electron Transport Chain in Broccoli Heads under Controlled Atmosphere Storage. Foods 2020, 9, 380.
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