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Volume 9
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10.3390/foods9111538
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Review

The Toxic Impact of Honey Adulteration: A Review

by
Rafieh Fakhlaei
1,
Jinap Selamat
1,2,*,
Alfi Khatib
3,4,
Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
2,5,
Rashidah Sukor
2,
Syahida Ahmad
6 and
Arman Amani Babadi
7
1
Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
4
Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60155, Indonesia
5
Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
6
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
7
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2020, 9(11), 1538; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9111538
Submission received: 21 August 2020 / Revised: 10 September 2020 / Accepted: 11 September 2020 / Published: 26 October 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Food Quality and Safety)
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Abstract

Honey is characterized as a natural and raw foodstuff that can be consumed not only as a sweetener but also as medicine due to its therapeutic impact on human health. It is prone to adulterants caused by humans that manipulate the quality of honey. Although honey consumption has remarkably increased in the last few years all around the world, the safety of honey is not assessed and monitored regularly. Since the number of consumers of honey adulteration have increased in recent years, their trust and interest in this valuable product has decreased. Honey adulterants are any substances that are added to the pure honey. In this regard, this paper provides a comprehensive and critical review of the different types of adulteration, common sugar adulterants and detection methods, and draws a clear perspective toward the impact of honey adulteration on human health. Adulteration increases the consumer’s blood sugar, which can cause diabetes, abdominal weight gain, and obesity, raise the level of blood lipids and can cause high blood pressure. The most common organ affected by honey adulterants is the liver followed by the kidney, heart, and brain, as shown in several in vivo research designs.
Keywords: honey; adulteration; sugar adulterants; toxicity honey; adulteration; sugar adulterants; toxicity
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MDPI and ACS Style

Fakhlaei, R.; Selamat, J.; Khatib, A.; Razis, A.F.A.; Sukor, R.; Ahmad, S.; Babadi, A.A. The Toxic Impact of Honey Adulteration: A Review. Foods 2020, 9, 1538. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9111538

AMA Style

Fakhlaei R, Selamat J, Khatib A, Razis AFA, Sukor R, Ahmad S, Babadi AA. The Toxic Impact of Honey Adulteration: A Review. Foods. 2020; 9(11):1538. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9111538

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fakhlaei, Rafieh, Jinap Selamat, Alfi Khatib, Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis, Rashidah Sukor, Syahida Ahmad, and Arman Amani Babadi. 2020. "The Toxic Impact of Honey Adulteration: A Review" Foods 9, no. 11: 1538. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9111538

APA Style

Fakhlaei, R., Selamat, J., Khatib, A., Razis, A. F. A., Sukor, R., Ahmad, S., & Babadi, A. A. (2020). The Toxic Impact of Honey Adulteration: A Review. Foods, 9(11), 1538. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9111538

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