Use of Modern Regression Analysis in the Dielectric Properties of Foods
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Variables including temperature, moisture content, and frequency
- Variables including temperature and moisture content
- Only one variable with other factors fixed
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Regression Analysis
2.1.1. Residual Plots
2.1.2. Normality Test
2.1.3. Constant Variance Test
2.1.4. Transformation
2.2. The Effect of the Storage Time
2.3. Categorical Testing
- Two categories:
- 2.
- Three categories:
- 3.
- Four categories:
2.4. Criterion of the Model Comparison
2.5. Literature Survey
3. Results
3.1. The Dielectric Equations with Three Variables
3.1.1. Egg White Powder
3.1.2. Chicken Flour
(0.0000000260 × f2) + (0.000117 × X2) + (0.000000459 × T × f) + (0.00000309 × T × X)
+ (0.00000239 × f × X) − (0.0000000544 × T × f × X)
ln f2) + (0.00903 × X2) + (0.00888 × T × ln f) + (0.0122 × T × X) − (0.000623 × T × ln f × X)
− (0.0000115 × T3) − (0.00000589 × (T × f) 2) − (0.00000191 × (T × X)2).
3.1.3. Bread
(0.000194 × T × ln f) + (0.000307 × T × X).
ln f2) − (0.00369 × T × ln f) − (0.00291 × T × X) − (0.0137 × ln f × X)
3.1.4. Black-Eyed Peas
3.1.5. Macadamia Nut Kernels
3.2. Equation for Dielectric Properties with Two Variables
3.2.1. Liquid and Precooked Egg White
(0.00155 × T × ln f)
ln f2) + (0.0000193 × T × ln f)
(0.00113 × T × ln f)
(0.00140 × T × ln f)
− (0.0000852 × T × ln f)
3.2.2. Fruits, Nuts, and Insects
3.3. Effect of the Storage Time on the Dielectric Properties of Eggs
3.4. Categorical Test of Two Factors
3.4.1. Butter
× T2 × z) − (0.0680 × ln f) − (0.349 × ln f × z)
× T2 × z) − (0.192 × ln f) − (2.600 × ln f × z)
3.4.2. Salmon Fish
3.5. Categorical Test of Three Factors
3.6. Categorical Test of Four Factors
3.6.1. Salmon Fillets
3.6.2. Pecan Kernels
3.7. The Best Regression Equations for Each Food Ingredient
3.7.1. Egg White Powder
ln f2) + (0.00180 × X2) + (0.00181 × T × ln f+ (0.00159 × T × X) − (0.00422 × ln f × X) −
(0.000197 × T × ln f × X)
(0.00729 × T × X) + (0.0236 × ln f × X) − (0.000924 × T × ln f × X)
3.7.2. Chicken Flour
× f2) + (0.000117 × X2) + (0.000000459 × T × f) + (0.00000309 × T × X) + (0.00000239 × f × X) −
(0.0000000544 × T × f × X)
(0.00903 × X2) + (0.00888 × T × ln f) + (0.0122 × T × X) − (0.000623 × T × ln f × X) − (0.0000115 ×
T3) − (0.00000589 × (T × f) 2) − (0.00000191 × (T × X)2)
3.7.3. Bread
ln f) + (0.000307 × T × X)
(0.00369 × T × ln f) − (0.00291 × T × X) − (0.0137 × ln f × X)
3.7.4. Black-Eyed Peas
+ (0.00926 × X2) + (0.000677 × T × ln f) + (0.000693 × T × X) − (0.00662 × ln f × X) − (0.0000247
× T × ln f × X) − (0.00000124 × (T × X)2)
(0.0131 × X2) + (0.00674 × T × ln f) + (0.00315 × T × X) + (0.0161 × ln f × X) − (0.0000621 × T ×
ln f × X) − (0.00000770 × T × ln f2) − (0.000000970 × (T × X)2)
3.7.5. Macadamia Nut Kernels
+ (0.00000963 × X2) − (0.000227 × T × ln f) + (0.000304 × T × X) − (0.00904 × ln f × X) −
(0.00000325 × T × ln f × X) − (0.000000205 × T × ln f2) − (0.0000000679 × (T × X)2)
− (0.00381 × X2) − (0.00102 × T × ln f) + (0.000778 × T × X) − (0.0397 × ln f) × X) − (0.000118 × T
× ln f × X) + (0.000000144 × (T × X)2)
3.7.6. Liquid Egg White
3.7.7. Precooked Egg White
(0.0000852 × T × ln f)
3.7.8. Almond
3.7.9. Walnut
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Food Type | Frequency (MHz) | Temperature (°C) | Moisture Content (%, w.b. or d.b.) | Equations | Statistics Criteria | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2 | p-Value | Normal Test | Constant Variance Test | ||||||
Calay et al. (1995) [22] | Fruit and vegetable | 900–3000 | 0–70 | 50–90 | Equation (1-1) | yes | no | no | no |
Meat | 2000–3000 | 0–70 | 60–80 | Equation (1-2) | yes | no | no | no | |
Fish | 2450 | 0–70 | 70 | Equation (1-3) Equation (1-4) | yes | no | no | no | |
Guo et al. (2007) [10] | Eggs | 10–1800 | 24 | – | Equation (1-5) | yes | no | no | no |
Ahmed et al. (2007) [13] | Butter | 500–3000 | 30–80 | 17–19 | Equation (1-6) at fixed temperature | yes | no | no | no |
Wang et al. (2007) [17] | Fish (salmon fillets) | 27–1800 | 20–120 | 74.97–76.14 | Equation (1-3) | yes | no | no | no |
Dev et al. (2008) [23] | Eggs | 20–10,000 | 0–62 | Equation (1-7) | yes | no | no | no | |
Liu et al. (2009) [14] | Bread | 13.56–1800 | 25–85 | 34–38.6 | Equation (1-8) at fixed temperature and moisture | yes | no | no | no |
Equation (1-9) at fixed temperature and frequency | |||||||||
Equation (1-3) at fixed frequency and moisture | |||||||||
Wang et al. (2009) [9] | Eggs | 27–1800 | 20–120 | Equation (1-3) at fixed frequency | yes | no | no | no | |
Kannan et al. (2013) [24] | Eggs | 10–3000 | 5–56 | Egg white: Equation (1-10) | yes | no | no | no | |
Egg white: : Equation (1-11) | |||||||||
Egg yolk: : Equation (1-12) | |||||||||
Egg yolk: Equation (1-13) | |||||||||
Zhu et al. (2013) [25] | Wheat seeds | 1–1000 | 5–40 °C | 11.1–17.1 | Equation (1-14) | yes | no | no | no |
Boldor et al. (2014) [26] | Peanuts | 300–3000 | 23–50 | 18–23 | Equation (1-4) at fixed frequency | yes | no | no | no |
Yu et al. (2015) [27] | Canola seeds | 500–3000 | 30–70 | 5–11 | Equation (1-15) | yes | no | no | no |
Zhang et al. (2016) [28] | Peanut kernels | 10–4500 | 25–85 | 10–30 | Equation (1-16) | yes | no | no | no |
Boreddy and Subbiah (2016) [8] | Egg white powder | 10–3000 | 20–100 | 5.5–13.4 | Equation (1-17) at fixed frequency | yes | no | no | no |
Zhu and Guo (2017) [29] | Potato Starch | 20–4500 | 25–75 | 15.1–43.1 | Equation (1-18) at fixed moisture and temperature | yes | no | no | no |
Ling et al. (2018) [30] | Rice bran | 300–3000 | 25–100 | 10.36–24.69 | Equation (1-19) | yes | no | no | no |
Zhang et al. (2019) [19] | Pecan Kernels | 27–2450 | 5–65 | 10–30 | Equation (1-20) | yes | no | no | no |
Items | Frequency (MHz) | Temperature (°C) | Moisture Content (%) | Literature | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Egg | White powder | 13.56 | 27.12 | 40.68 | 915 | 2450 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 8 | % d.b. | [8] | ||||||||
27.12 | 915 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 5.5 | 6.6 | 8.0 | 9.8 | 13.4 | % d.b. | ||||||||||
Whites | Liquid | 27 | 40 | 915 | 1800 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 100 | 120 | [9] | |||||||||
Precooked | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg | Albumen | 10 | 27 | 40 | 100 | 915 | 1800 | 24 | [10] | |||||||||||||
Yolk | 10 | 27 | 40 | 100 | 915 | 1800 | 24 | Storage time (0,1,2,3,4,5) weeks | ||||||||||||||
Vegetables | Chickpea flour | 27 | 40 | 100 | 915 | 1800 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 7.9 | 11.4 | 15.8 | 20.9 | % w.b. | [11] | ||
Black-eyed peas | 27 | 40 | 915 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 8.8 | 12.7 | 16.8 | 20.9 | % w.b. | [12] | ||||||||
Fruits | Apple(GD) | 27 | 40 | 915 | 1800 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | [20] | |||||||||||
Apple(RD) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cherry | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Grape-fruit | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Orange | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Butter | Unsalted | 915 | 2,450 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | [13] | ||||||||||||
Salted | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Bread | 13.56 | 27.12 | 40.68 | 915 | 1800 | 25 | 40 | 55 | 70 | 85 | 34.0 | 34.6 | 37.1 | 38.6 | % w.b. | [14] | ||||||
Cheese | 270 | 500 | 800 | 1200 | 1900 | 3000 | 5 | 45 | 55 | 65 | 75 | 85 | [15] | |||||||||
Fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Sturgeon caviar | Unsalted | 27 | 915 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | [16] | |||||||||||
Salted | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Salmon fillets | Anterior | 27 | 40 | 915 | 1800 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 120 | [17] | ||||||||||
Middle | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Tail | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Belly | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Nut | Almond | 27 | 40 | 915 | 1800 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | [20] | |||||||||||
Walnut | 27 | 40 | 915 | 1800 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | |||||||||||||
Macadamia nut kernels | 27.12 | 40.68 | 915 | 1800 | 25 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 3 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | % w.b. | [18] | ||||||
Pecan | Unsalted | 27 | 40 | 915 | 2450 | 5 | 25 | 45 | 65 | 15 | % w.b. | [19] | ||||||||||
Light salted | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Medium salted | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Heavy salted | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Insect | Codling moth | 27 | 40 | 915 | 1800 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | [20] | |||||||||||
Indian-meal moth | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Mexican fruit fly | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Navel arrange worm |
Equation (3-1): ε′ = 2.928 − (0.0154 × T) − (0.000173 × f) − (0.274 × X) − (0.0000923 × T2) + (0.0151 × X2) + (0.0000353 × T × f) + (0.00558 × T × X) + (0.00000654 × f × X) − (0.00000439 × T × f × X) |
R2 = 0.980 |
Normality Test (Kolmogorov–Smirnov): Passed (p = 0.590) |
Constant Variance Test (Spearman Rank Correlation): Failed (p = 0.041) |
Equation (3-2): = 1.432 − (0.000287 × T) + (0.0000403 × f) − (0.0340 × X) − (0.0000334 × T2) + (0.00279 × X2) + (0.00000750 × T × f) + (0.00116 × T × X) − (0.00000899 × f × X) − (0.000000906 T × f × X) |
R2 = 0.980 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.398) |
Constant Variance Test: Failed (p = 0.048) |
Equation (3-3): ln ε′ = 0.488 + (0.00361 × T) + (0.000120 × f) + (0.00237 × X) − (0.0000460 × T2) + (0.00175 × X2) + (0.00000640 × T × f) + (0.000944 × T × X) − (0.0000194 × f × X) − (0.000000743 × T × f × X) |
R2 = 0.976 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.160) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.497) |
Equation (3-4): 1/ε′ = 0.678 − (0.00330 × T) − (0.0000699 × f) − (0.0219 × X) + (0.0000203 × T2) + (0.000155 × X2) − (0.00000121 × T × f) − (0.000123 × T × X) + (0.0000102 × f × X) + (0.000000119 × T × f × X) |
R2 = 0.990 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.151) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.467) |
Equation (3-5): ε′ = 2.954 − (0.0456 × T) + (0.0186 × ln f) − (0.282 × X) − (0.0000926 × T2) − (0.00778 × ln f2) + (0.0150× X2) + (0.00928 × T × ln f) + (0.00920 × T × X) + (0.00273 × ln f × X) − (0.00113 × T × ln f) × X) |
R2 = 0.980 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.459) |
Constant Variance Test: Failed (p = 0.003) |
Equation (3-6): = 1.390 − (0.00697 × T) + (0.0246 × ln f − (0.0291 × X) − (0.0000335 × T2) − (0.00231 × ln f2) + (0.00280 × X2) + (0.00203 × T × ln f + (0.00193 × T × X) − (0.00181 × ln f × X) − (0.000236 × T × ln f × X) |
R2 = 0.980 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.355) |
Constant Variance Test: Failed (p = 0.031) |
Equation (3-7): ln(ε′) = 0.400 − (0.00242 × T) + (0.0434 × ln f + (0.0140 × X) − (0.0000462 × T2) − (0.00271 × ln f2) + (0.00180 × X2) + (0.00181 × T × ln f + (0.00159 × T × X) − (0.00422 × ln f × X) − (0.000197 × T × ln f × X) |
R2 = 0.977 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.370) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.349) |
Equation (3-8): 1/ε′ = 0.720 − (0.00196 × T) − (0.0199 × ln f) − (0.0280 × X) + (0.0000204 × T2) + (0.000905 × ln f2) + (0.000118 × X2) − (0.000389 × T × ln f) − (0.000238 × T × X) + (0.00227 × ln f × X) + (0.0000342 × T × ln f × X) |
R2 = 0.964 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.020) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.574) |
Equation (4-1): ε″ = 1.279 − (0.0230 × T) − (0.000605 × f) − (0.257 × X) − (0.00000381 × T2) + (0.00862 × X2) + (0.0000280 × T × f) + (0.00431 × T × X) + (0.0000899 × f × X) − (0.00000363 × T × f × X) |
R2 = 0.965 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.132) |
Constant Variance Test: Failed |
Equation (4-2): = 0.124 + (0.00225 × T) + (0.0000236 × f) − (0.0289 × X) − (0.0000489 × T2) + (0.00175 × X2) + (0.00000957 × T × f) + (0.00144 × T × X) + (0.00000852 × f × X) − (0.00000123 × T × f × X) |
R2 = 0.967 |
Normality Test: Failed (p = 0.006) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.064) |
Equation (4-3): ln(ε″) = -5.742 + (0.0599 × T) + (0.00112 × f) + (0.318 × X) − (0.000316 × T2) − (0.00583 × X2) + (0.00000753 × T × f) + (0.000485 × T × X) − (0.000104 × f × X) − (0.000000957 × T × f × X) |
R2 = 0.955 |
Normality Test: Failed (p = < 0.001) |
Constant Variance Test: Failed (p = < 0.001) |
Equation (4-4): 1/ε″ = 46.309 − (0.612 × T) − (0.0100 × f) − (4.452 × X) + (0.00259 × T2) + (0.116 × X2) + (0.0000895 × T × f) + (0.0238 × T × X) + (0.00114 × f × X) − (0.0000109 × T × f × X) |
R2 = 0.712 |
Normality Test: Failed (p = < 0.001) |
Constant Variance Test: Failed (p = < 0.001) |
Equation (4-5): ε″ = 1.667 − (0.0463 × T) − (0.336 × X) − (0.0688 × ln f) − (0.00000442 × T2) − (0.0105 × ln f2) + (0.00875 × X2) + (0.00720 × T × ln f) + (0.00728 × T × X) + (0.0234 × ln f × X) − (0.000923 × T × ln f × X) |
R2 = 0.963 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.01) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.919) |
Equation (4-6): = 0.115 − (0.00627 × T) − (0.0442 × X) + (0.0458 × ln f) − (0.0000494 × T2) − (0.00647 × ln f2) + (0.00197 × X2) + (0.00259 × T × ln f) + (0.00247 × T × X) + (0.00300 × ln f × X) − (0.000319 × T × ln f × X) |
R2 = 0.964 |
Normality Test: Failed (p = 0.004) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.098) |
Equation (4-7): ln(ε″) = −6.414 + (0.0504 × T) + (0.369 × X) + (0.342 ×ln f) − (0.000317 × T2) − (0.0153 × ln f2) − (0.00495 × X2) + (0.00264 × T × ln f) + (0.00143 × T × X) − (0.0229 × ln f × X) − (0.000278 × T × ln f × X) |
R2 = 0.944 |
Normality Test: Failed (p = < 0.001) |
Constant Variance Test: Failed (p = < 0.001) |
Equation (4-8): 1/ε″ = 52.229 − (0.658 × T) − (5.242 × X) − (2.207 × ln f) + (0.00259 × T2) + (0.0108 × ln f2) + (0.114 × X2) + (0.0173 × T × ln f + (0.0312 × T × X) + (0.269 × ln f × X) − (0.00250 × T × ln f × X) |
R2 = 0.952 |
Normality Test: Failed (p = < 0.001) |
Constant Variance Test: Failed (p = < 0.001) |
Equation (4-9): ε″ = 1.975 − (0.0471 × T) − (0.347 × X) − (0.178 × ln f) + (0.00932 × X2) + (0.00723 × T × ln f) + (0.00729 × T × X) + (0.0236 × ln f × X) − (0.000924 × T × ln f × X) |
R2 = 0.962 |
Normality Test: Passed |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.823) |
Equation (5-1): ln(ε′) = 2.521 − (0.0201 × T) − (0.195 × X) + (0.0184 × ln f) + (0.000242 × T2) − (0.000327 × ln f2) + (0.00926 × X2) + (0.000677 × T × ln f) + (0.000693 × T × X) − (0.00662 × ln f × X) − (0.0000247 × T × ln f × X) − (0.00000124 × (T × X) 2) |
R2 = 0.940 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.310) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.975) |
Equation (5-2): 1/ε′ = 0.150 + (0.000411 × T) + (0.0268 × X) − (0.00544 × ln f) − (0.0000337 × T2) + (0.00136 × ln f2) − (0.00142 × X2) + (0.000264 × T × ln f) + (0.0000185 × T × X) + (0.000664 × ln f × X) − (0.0000119 × T × ln f × X) − (0.000000108 × (T × X) 2) |
R2 = 0.928 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.082) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.897) |
Equation (5-3): ln(ε″) = 4.531 − (0.0719 × T) − (0.375 × X) − (1.349 × ln f) + (0.000639 × T2) + (0.0909 × ln f2) + (0.0131 × X2) + (0.00674 × T × ln f) + (0.00315 × T × X) + (0.0161 × ln f × X) − (0.0000621 × T × ln f × X) − (0.00000770 × T × ln f2) − (0.000000970 × (T × X) 2) |
R2 = 0.952 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.158) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.197) |
Equation (6-1): ln(ε′) = 1.467 − (0.000659 × T) + (0.102 × X) − (0.119 × ln f) + (0.0000327 × T2) + (0.0170 × ln f2) + (0.00000963 × X2) − (0.000227 × T × ln f) + (0.000304 × T × X) − (0.00904 × ln f × X) - (0.00000325 × T × ln f × X) − (0.000000205 × T × ln f2) − (0.0000000679 × (T × X)2) |
R2 = 0.952 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.171) |
Constant Variance Test: Failed (p = < 0.001) |
Equation (6-2): ln(ε″) = -1.719 + (0.00660 × T) + (0.469 × X) − (0.351 × ln f) + (0.0000602 × T2) + (0.0627 × ln f2) − (0.00381 × X2) − (0.00102 × T × ln f) + (0.000778 × T × X) − (0.0397 × ln f × X) - (0.000118 × T × ln f × X) + (0.000000144 × (T × X)2) |
R2 = 0.959 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.165) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.711) |
1. Gold Apple |
Equation (7-1): ln(ε′) = 3.691 − (0.000619 × T) + (0.269 × ln f) − (0.0000114 × T2) − (0.0256 × ln f2) − (0.000206 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.900 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.637) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.235) |
Equation (7-2): 1/ε′ = 0.0228 + (0.00000228 × T) − (0.00404 × ln f) + (0.000000220 × T2) + (0.000382 × ln f2) + (0.00000354 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.901 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.331) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.402) |
Equation (7-3): ln(ε″) = 10.015 + (0.0348 × T) − (2.176 × ln f) + (0.0000411 × T2) + (0.154 × ln f2) − (0.00604 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.997 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.131) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.011) |
2. Red Apple |
Equation (7-4): ln(ε′) = 3.788 − (0.00239 × T) + (0.251 × ln f) + (0.000000945 × T2) − (0.0237 × ln f2) − (0.000144 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.926 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.662) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.021) |
Equation (7-5): = 25.153 + (0.175 × T) − (7.248 × ln f) + (0.0000614 × T2) + (0.588 × ln f2) − (0.0265 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.996 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.022) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.131) |
3. Cherry |
Equation (7-6): ε′ = 142.581 + (0.120 × T) − (21.083 × ln f) − (0.00145 × T2) + (1.624 × ln f2) − (0.0322 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.936 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.153) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.343) |
Equation (7-7): = 12.262 + (0.00874 × T) − (1.118 × ln f) − (0.0000921 × T2) + (0.0858 × ln f2) − (0.00211 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.941 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.284) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.738) |
Equation (7-8): ln(ε′) = 5.083 + (0.00246 × T) − (0.236 × ln f) − (0.0000234 × T2) + (0.0181 × ln f2) − (0.000546 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.946 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.433) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.933) |
Equation (7-9): 1/ε′ = 0.00479 − (0.0000451 × T) + (0.00261 × ln f) + (0.000000376 × T2) − |
(0.000199 × ln f2) + (0.00000895 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.954 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.538) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.518) |
Equation (7-10): 1/ε″ = 0.0900 + (0.00195 × T) − (0.0577 × ln f) − (0.0000305 × T2) + (0.00618 × ln f2) + (0.000135 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.881 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.019) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.251) |
4. Grapefruit |
Equation (7-11): = 13.036 + (0.0174 × T) − (1.566 × ln f) + (0.0000179 × T2) + (0.136 × ln f2) −(0.00449 × T × ln f)) |
R2 = 0.823 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.024) |
Constant Variance Test: Failed (p = < 0.001) |
Equation (7-12): ln(ε″) = 9.996 + (0.0334 × T) − (1.926 × ln f) + (0.122 × ln f2) − (0.00455 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.998 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.495) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.165) |
Equation (7-13): 1/ε″ = -0.0353 + (0.000122 × T) + (0.00677 × ln f) − (0.00000400 × T2) + (0.00124 × ln f2) + (0.0000249 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.986 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.324) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.030) |
5. Orange |
Equation (7-14): ε′ = 123.333 − (0.159 × T) − (14.544 × ln f) − (0.000964 × T2) + (1.114 × ln f2) − (0.00126 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.968 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.592) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.229) |
Equation (7-15): = 11.381 − (0.00702 × T) − (0.828 × ln f) − (0.0000692 × T2) + (0.0640 × ln f2) − (0.000325 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.969 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.311) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.157) |
Equation (7-16): ln(ε′) = 4.930 − (0.00110 × T) − (0.188 × ln f) − (0.0000193 × T2) + (0.0147 × lnf2) − (0.000135 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.969 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.257) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.089) |
Equation (7-17): 1/ε′ = 0.00560 + (0.0000000811 × T) + (0.00244 × ln f) + (0.000000351 × T2) − (0.000194 × ln f2) + (0.00000351 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.970 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.049)Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.033) |
Equation (7-18): ln(ε″) = 8.981 + (0.0369 × T) − (1.486 × ln f) − (0.0000568 × T2) + (0.0850 × lnf2) − (0.00474 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.998 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.075) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.062) |
6. Almond |
Equation (7-19): = 5.816 − (0.00407 × T) − (1.357 × ln f) + (0.0000683 × T2) + (0.112 × ln f2) |
R2 = 0.381 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.179) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.133) |
Equation (7-20): = −6.515 − (0.0200 × T) + (3.221 × ln f) + (0.000132 × T2) − (0.278 ×ln f2) +(0.00144 × T× ln f) |
R2 = 0.879 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.120) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.605) |
Equation (7-21): ln(ε″) = −8.572 − (0.0505 × T) + (3.826 × ln f) + (0.000401 × T2) − (0.328 × ln f2) + (0.00268 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.878 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.016) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.030) |
7. Walnut |
Equation (7-22): ε′ = 11.067 − (0.0193 × T) − (2.308 × ln f) + (0.132 × ln f2) + (0.00855 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.957 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.046) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.313) |
Equation (7-23): = 3.861 − (0.00278 × T) − (0.639 × ln f) − (0.0000549 × T2) + (0.0361 × ln f2) + (0.00274 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.941 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.028) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.386) |
Equation (7-24): = −3.502 − (0.00606 × T) + (1.810 ×ln f) + (0.0000854 × T2) − (0.149 × ln f2) − (0.00136 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.936 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.058) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.084) |
Equation (7-25): ln(ε″) = −7.867 − (0.0248 × T) + (3.187 × ln f) + (0.000201 × T2) − (0.264 × ln f2) − (0.000704 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.944 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.190) Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.559) |
8. Codling Moth |
Equation (7-26): ε′ = 127.988 + (0.0726 × T) − (22.820 × ln f) + (0.00609 × T2) + (1.757 × ln f2) − (0.0863 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.976 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.112) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.159) |
Equation (7-27): ln(ε″) = 10.615 + (0.0186 × T) − (2.044 × ln f) + (0.000174 × T2) + (0.127 × ln f2) − (0.00339 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.997 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.390) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.748) |
9. Indian-Meal Moth |
Equation (7-28): = 15.431 + (0.0545 × T) − (2.853 × ln f) + (0.000248 × T2) + (0.226 × ln f2) − (0.0110 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.993 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.137) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.015) |
Equation (7-29): ln(ε′) = 5.885 + (0.0117 × T) − (0.640 × ln f)) + (0.0000574 × T2) + (0.0478 × ln f2) − (0.00249 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.996 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.355) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.939) |
Equation (7-30): ln(ε″) = 9.086 + (0.00878 × T) − (1.360 × ln f) + (0.000180 × T2) + (0.0626 × ln f2) − (0.00229 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.996 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.296) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.779) |
10. Mexican Fruit Fly |
Equation (7-31): ε′−1.5 = -0.00167 − (0.0000389 × T) + (0.00125 × ln f) − (0.0000862 × ln f2) + (0.00000678 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.965 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.661) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.014) |
Equation (7-32): ε″ = 1222.142 + (9.378 × T) − (417.002 ×ln f) + (0.0120 × T2) + (34.831 × ln f2) − (1.417 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.985 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.428) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.159) |
11. Navel Orange Worm |
Equation (7-33): 1/ε′ = -0.00500 − (0.0000968 × T) + (0.00703 × ln f) − (0.000000520 × T2) − (0.000456 × ln f2) + (0.0000238 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.997 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.229) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.126) |
Equation (7-34): ln(ε″) = 9.662 + (0.0225 × T) − (1.520 ×ln f)) + (0.0725 × ln f2) − (0.00213 × T × ln f) |
R2 = 0.999 |
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.447) |
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.741) |
1. Egg Yolk | ||||||
Equation (8-1): ln(ε′) = 5.722 − (0.661 × ln f) + (0.0498 × ln f2) | ||||||
R2 = 0.967 | ||||||
Normality Test: Passed (p = 0.451) | ||||||
Constant Variance Test: Passed (p = 0.270) | ||||||
Equation (8-2): ln(ε′) = 5.717 − (0.00498 × St) − (0.664 × ln f)) + (0.00198 × St2) + (0.0498 × ln f2) +(0.000975 × St × ln f) | ||||||
R2 = 0.970 | ||||||
Coefficient | Std. Error | t | p | |||
Constant | 5.717 | 0.106 | 53.775 | <0.001 | ||
St | −0.00498 | 0.0269 | −0.185 | 0.854 | ||
ln f | −0.664 | 0.0441 | −15.051 | <0.001 | ||
St2 | 0.00198 | 0.00422 | 0.468 | 0.643 | ||
ln f2 | 0.0498 | 0.00427 | 11.644 | <0.001 | ||
St× ln f | 0.000975 | 0.00329 | 0.297 | 0.769 | ||
Equation (8-3): ln(ε″) = 9.088 − (1.315 × ln f)) + (0.0520 × ln f2) | ||||||
R2 = 0.998 | ||||||
Equation (8-4): ln(ε″) = 9.087 − (0.00768 × St) − (1.318 × ln f) + (0.00210 × St2) + (0.0520 × ln f2) + (0.00113 × St × ln f) | ||||||
R2 = 0.998 | ||||||
Coefficient | Std. Error | t | p | |||
Constant | 9.087 | 0.109 | 83.221 | <0.001 | ||
St | −0.00768 | 0.0276 | −0.278 | 0.783 | ||
ln f | −1.318 | 0.0453 | −29.089 | <0.001 | ||
St2 | 0.00210 | 0.00433 | 0.484 | 0.632 | ||
ln f2 | 0.0520 | 0.00439 | 11.833 | <0.001 | ||
St× ln f | 0.00113 | 0.00338 | 0.336 | 0.739 | ||
2. Albumen | ||||||
Equation (8-5): ln(ε′) = 6.269 − (0.721 × ln f) + (0.0604 × ln f2) | ||||||
R2 = 0.898 | ||||||
Equation (8-6): ln(ε′) = 6.275 − (0.0216 × St) − (0.718 × ln f) + (0.00523 × St2) + (0.0604 × ln f2) – (0.00126 × St × ln f) | ||||||
R2 = 0.901 | ||||||
Equation (8-7): ln(ε″) = 10.077 − (1.300 × ln f) + (0.0425 × ln f2) | ||||||
R2 = 0.999 | ||||||
Equation (8-8): ln(ε″) = 10.052 − (0.0107 × St) − (1.297 × ln f) + (0.000141 × St2) + (0.0425 × ln f2) – (0.00108 × St × ln f) | ||||||
R2 = 0.999 | ||||||
Coefficient | Std. Error | t | p | |||
Constant | 10.052 | 0.106 | 94.628 | <0.001 | ||
St | 0.0107 | 0.0268 | 0.398 | 0.693 | ||
ln f | −1.297 | 0.0441 | −29.432 | <0.001 | ||
St2 | −0.000141 | 0.00421 | −0.0335 | 0.973 | ||
ln f2 | 0.0425 | 0.00427 | 9.956 | <0.001 | ||
St× ln f | −0.00108 | 0.00329 | −0.328 | 0.745 |
1. Butter (Salted and Unsalted) | ||||||
Equation (9-1): ln(ε′) = 3.777 + (1.370 × z) + (0.00355 × T) + (0.00433 × T × z) − (0.000160 × T2) + (0.000151 × T2 × z) − (0.0680 × ln f) − (0.349 × ln f × z) | ||||||
R2 = 0.965 | ||||||
Coefficient | Std. Error | t | p | |||
Constant | 3.777 | 0.206 | 18.342 | <0.001 | ||
z | 1.370 | 0.291 | 4.706 | <0.001 | ||
T | 0.00355 | 0.00488 | 0.728 | 0.470 | ||
T × z | 0.00433 | 0.00691 | 0.627 | 0.533 | ||
T2 | −0.000160 | 0.0000440 | −3.647 | <0.001 | ||
T2 × z | 0.000151 | 0.0000622 | 2.424 | 0.018 | ||
ln f | −0.0680 | 0.0223 | −3.049 | 0.003 | ||
ln f × z | −0.349 | 0.0315 | −11.065 | <0.001 | ||
Equation (9-2): ln ε″ = 3.978 + (19.066 × z) − (0.0126 × T) + (0.0902 × T × z) − (0.00000579 × T2) − (0.000241 × T2 × z) − (0.192 × ln f) − (2.600 × ln f2 × z) | ||||||
R2 = 0.989 | ||||||
Coefficient | Std. Error | t | p | |||
Constant | 3.978 | 0.851 | 4.674 | <0.001 | ||
z | 19.066 | 1.204 | 15.839 | <0.001 | ||
T | −0.0126 | 0.0202 | −0.623 | 0.536 | ||
T × z | 0.0902 | 0.0285 | 3.158 | 0.002 | ||
T2 | −0.00000579 | 0.000182 | −0.0318 | 0.975 | ||
T2 × z | −0.000241 | 0.000257 | −0.935 | 0.353 | ||
ln f | −0.192 | 0.0921 | −2.081 | 0.041 | ||
ln f × z | −2.600 | 0.130 | −19.950 | <0.001 | ||
2. Salmon Fish (Salted and Unsalted) | ||||||
Equation (9-3): = 12.759 + (6.579 × z) − (0.117 × T) + (0.0296 × T × z) + (0.00105 × T2) − (0.790 × ln f) − (1.128 × ln f × z) | ||||||
R2 = 0.912 | ||||||
Coefficient | Std. Error | t | p | |||
Constant | 12.759 | 0.837 | 15.249 | <0.001 | ||
z | 6.579 | 0.800 | 8.221 | <0.001 | ||
T | −0.117 | 0.0302 | −3.887 | <0.001 | ||
T × z | 0.0296 | 0.0102 | 2.911 | 0.005 | ||
T2 | 0.00105 | 0.000293 | 3.576 | <0.001 | ||
ln f | −0.790 | 0.0816 | −9.680 | <0.001 | ||
ln f × z | −1.128 | 0.115 | −9.769 | <0.001 | ||
Equation (9-4): ln ε″ = 9.649 + (1.244 × z) − (0.0301 × T) + (0.00760 × T × z) + (0.000343 × T2) − (0.935 × ln f) − (0.0831 × ln f × z) | ||||||
R2 = 0.973 | ||||||
Coefficient | Std. Error | t | p | |||
Constant | 9.649 | 0.288 | 33.473 | <0.001 | ||
z | 1.244 | 0.276 | 4.513 | <0.001 | ||
T | −0.0301 | 0.0104 | −2.896 | 0.005 | ||
T × z | 0.00760 | 0.00350 | 2.170 | 0.033 | ||
T2 | 0.000343 | 0.000101 | 3.396 | 0.001 | ||
ln f | −0.935 | 0.0281 | −33.245 | <0.001 | ||
ln f × z | −0.0831 | 0.0398 | −2.090 | 0.040 |
Moisture Content of Cheese: High, Medium and Low | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equation (10-1): = 8.985 + (0.715 × z1) + (0.168 × z2) − (0.0322 × T) + (0.000270 × T2) − (0.494 × ln f) + (0.0231 × T × z1) − (0.000224 × T2 × z3) + (0.0183 × T × z2) − (0.000142 × T2 × z2) | ||||||
R2 = 0.932 | ||||||
Coefficient | Std. Error | t | p | |||
Constant | 8.985 | 0.173 | 52.025 | <0.001 | ||
z1 | 0.715 | 0.122 | 5.875 | <0.001 | ||
z2 | 0.168 | 0.123 | 1.362 | 0.176 | ||
T | −0.0322 | 0.00461 | −6.978 | <0.001 | ||
T2 | 0.000270 | 0.0000495 | 5.446 | <0.001 | ||
ln f | −0.494 | 0.0218 | −22.714 | <0.001 | ||
T × z1 | 0.0231 | 0.00625 | 3.693 | <0.001 | ||
T2 × z1 | −0.000224 | 0.0000674 | −3.326 | 0.001 | ||
T × z2 | 0.0183 | 0.00652 | 2.807 | 0.006 | ||
T2 × z2 | −0.000142 | 0.0000701 | −2.023 | 0.046 | ||
Equation (10-2): = 22.116 + (2.584 × z1) − (10.126 × z2) + (0.0445 × T) − (0.975 × T2) − (2.178 × ln f) − (0.0293 × T × z1) + (0.864 × T2 × z1) − (0.437 × ln f × z1) − (0.0335 × T × z2) + (0.928 × T2 × z2) + (1.143 × ln f × z2) | ||||||
R2 = 0.936 | ||||||
Coefficient | Std. Error | t | p | |||
Constant | 22.116 | 0.953 | 23.203 | <0.001 | ||
z1 | 2.584 | 1.351 | 1.913 | 0.059 | ||
z2 | −10.126 | 1.366 | −7.412 | <0.001 | ||
T | 0.0445 | 0.00910 | 4.886 | <0.001 | ||
T2 | −0.975 | 0.252 | −3.863 | <0.001 | ||
ln f | −2.178 | 0.113 | −19.273 | <0.001 | ||
T × z1 | −0.0293 | 0.0128 | −2.282 | 0.025 | ||
T2 × z1 | 0.864 | 0.357 | 2.420 | 0.018 | ||
ln f × z1 | −0.437 | 0.160 | −2.733 | 0.008 | ||
T × z2 | −0.0335 | 0.0129 | −2.591 | 0.011 | ||
T2 × z2 | 0.928 | 0.360 | 2.579 | 0.012 | ||
ln f × z2 | 1.143 | 0.163 | 7.009 | <0.001 |
Position: Anterior, Middle, Tail, Belly | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equation (11-1): ln(ε′) = 5.719 − (0.0802 × z1) + (0.0703 × z2) + (0.0585 × z3) + (0.00917 × T) − (0.487 × ln f) + (0.0352 × ln f2) − (0.00160 × T × ln f) + (0.000522 × T × z1) + (0.000684 × T × z3) + (0.0140 × ln f × z1) − (0.0160 × ln f × z3) | ||||||
R2 = 0.973 | ||||||
Coefficient | Std. Error | t | p | |||
Constant | 5.719 | 0.0693 | 82.472 | <0.001 | ||
z1 | −0.0802 | 0.0352 | −2.277 | 0.023 | ||
z2 | 0.0703 | 0.0101 | 6.936 | <0.001 | ||
z3 | 0.0585 | 0.0352 | 1.660 | 0.098 | ||
T | 0.00917 | 0.000372 | 24.652 | <0.001 | ||
ln f | −0.487 | 0.0265 | −18.371 | <0.001 | ||
ln f2 | 0.0352 | 0.00245 | 14.334 | <0.001 | ||
T × ln f | −0.00160 | 0.0000623 | −25.612 | <0.001 | ||
T × z1 | 0.000522 | 0.000257 | 2.029 | 0.043 | ||
T × z3 | 0.000684 | 0.000257 | 2.659 | 0.008 | ||
ln f × z1 | 0.0140 | 0.00522 | 2.685 | 0.008 | ||
ln f × z3 | −0.0160 | 0.00522 | −3.066 | 0.002 | ||
Equation (11-2): ln(ε″) = 6.368 − (0.341 × z1) − (0.0207 × z2) − (0.389 × z3) − (0.00129 × T) − (0.844 × ln f) + (0.179 × ln f2) − (0.000154 × T × ln f) + (0.105 × ln f × z1) + (0.0223 × ln f × z2) + (0.0743 × ln f × z3) | ||||||
R2 = 0.766 | ||||||
Coefficient | Std. Error | t | p | |||
Constant | 6.368 | 1.870 | 3.405 | <0.001 | ||
z1 | −0.341 | 0.749 | −0.455 | 0.650 | ||
z2 | −0.0207 | 0.749 | −0.0276 | 0.978 | ||
z3 | −0.389 | 0.749 | −0.520 | 0.603 | ||
T | −0.00129 | 0.000399 | −3.220 | 0.001 | ||
ln f | −0.844 | 0.949 | −0.890 | 0.374 | ||
ln f2 | 0.179 | 0.121 | 1.485 | 0.138 | ||
T × ln f | −0.000154 | 0.0000965 | −1.593 | 0.112 | ||
ln f × z1 | 0.105 | 0.180 | 0.580 | 0.562 | ||
ln f × z2 | 0.0223 | 0.181 | 0.123 | 0.902 | ||
ln f × z3 | 0.0743 | 0.1801 | 0.411 | 0.682 |
Treatments: No Salted, Light Salted, Medium Salted and Heavy Salted | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equation (12-1): ln(ε′) = 2.150 − (0.533 × z1) − (14.653 × z2) − (8.721 × z3) + (0.000199 × T) + (0.138 × ln f) − (0.0287 × ln f2) + (0.000000720 × T2) − (0.000602 × T × ln f) + (0.0257 × T × z1) − (0.000158 × T × z3) + (6.999 × ln f× z2) + (4.786 × ln f × z3) − (0.661 × ln f2 × z2) − (0.468 × ln f2 × z3) | ||||||
R2 = 0.625 | ||||||
Coefficient | Std. Error | t | p | |||
Constant | 2.150 | 2.034 | 1.057 | 0.291 | ||
z1 | −0.533 | 0.321 | −1.661 | 0.098 | ||
z2 | −14.653 | 2.708 | −5.411 | <0.001 | ||
z3 | −8.721 | 2.495 | −3.495 | <0.001 | ||
T | 0.000199 | 0.000857 | 0.232 | 0.817 | ||
ln f | 0.138 | 0.840 | 0.164 | 0.870 | ||
ln f2 | −0.0287 | 0.0765 | −0.375 | 0.708 | ||
T2 | 0.00000072 | 0.000000235 | 3.060 | 0.002 | ||
T × ln f | −0.000602 | 0.000181 | −3.327 | <0.001 | ||
T × z1 | 0.0257 | 0.00681 | 3.781 | <0.001 | ||
T × z3 | −0.000158 | 0.000220 | −0.718 | 0.473 | ||
ln f × z2 | 6.999 | 1.094 | 6.397 | <0.001 | ||
ln f × z3 | 4.786 | 1.022 | 4.684 | <0.001 | ||
ln f2 × z2 | −0.661 | 0.0991 | −6.667 | <0.001 | ||
ln f2 × z3 | −0.468 | 0.0932 | −5.022 | <0.001 | ||
Equation (12-2): ln(ε″) = -7.341 + (6.370 × z1) − (4.537 × z2) + (2.928 × z3) − (0.00236 × T) + (4.163 × ln f) − (0.448 × ln f2) + (0.000000707 × T2) + (0.0000175 × T × ln f) + (0.0321 × T × z1) − (3.082 × ln f × z1) + (2.987 × ln f × z2) + (0.302 ×ln f2 × z1) − (0.281 × ln f2 × z2) | ||||||
R2 = 0.694 | ||||||
Coefficient | Std. Error | t | p | |||
Constant | −7.341 | 1.276 | −5.755 | <0.001 | ||
z1 | 6.370 | 3.322 | 1.918 | 0.056 | ||
z2 | −4.537 | 2.110 | −2.150 | 0.032 | ||
z3 | 2.928 | 0.204 | 14.335 | <0.001 | ||
T | −0.00236 | 0.000453 | −5.215 | <0.001 | ||
ln f | 4.163 | 0.532 | 7.827 | <0.001 | ||
ln f2 | −0.448 | 0.0503 | −8.903 | <0.001 | ||
T2 | 0.000000707 | 0.000000251 | 2.81 | 0.005 | ||
T × ln f | 0.0000175 | 0.00000289 | 6.059 | <0.001 | ||
T × z1 | 0.0321 | 0.00767 | 4.182 | <0.001 | ||
ln f × z1 | −3.082 | 1.371 | −2.249 | 0.025 | ||
ln f × z2 | 2.987 | 0.836 | 3.575 | <0.001 | ||
ln f2 × z1 | 0.302 | 0.125 | 2.413 | 0.016 | ||
ln f2 × z2 | −0.281 | 0.0756 | −3.723 | <0.001 |
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Weng, Y.-K.; Chen, J.; Cheng, C.-W.; Chen, C. Use of Modern Regression Analysis in the Dielectric Properties of Foods. Foods 2020, 9, 1472. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101472
Weng Y-K, Chen J, Cheng C-W, Chen C. Use of Modern Regression Analysis in the Dielectric Properties of Foods. Foods. 2020; 9(10):1472. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101472
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeng, Yu-Kai, Jiunyuan Chen, Ching-Wei Cheng, and Chiachung Chen. 2020. "Use of Modern Regression Analysis in the Dielectric Properties of Foods" Foods 9, no. 10: 1472. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101472