Evaluation of Commercial Prototype Bacteriophage Intervention Designed for Reducing O157 and Non-O157 Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) on Beef Cattle Hide
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. STEC Host Range and Spot Titration of Phages
2.2. Efficiency of Plating Assay for Phage Infection of STEC Hosts
2.3. In Vitro Growth Inhibition of STEC by Phages
2.4. Application of Decontamination Treatments to STEC-Inoculated Cattle Hide Pieces and Determination of Phage: Host Multiplicity of Infection (MOI)
2.5. Statistical Analysis of Data
3. Results
3.1. Efficiency of Plating of Individual and Cocktailed Phages against STEC Isolates
3.2. STEC Growth In Vitro Challenged with Serially Diluted Phages
3.3. STEC Reduction on Cattle Hide Pieces by Differing Antimicrobial Treatments and Estimation of Numbers of Phages Required to Infect Host Cells by the Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) Determination
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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STEC Isolate 1 | Sero-ID | Phage Cocktail Titer (log10 PFU/mL) 2 | Phage Efficiency of Plating (EOP) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phage A | Phage B | Phage C | Phage D | Phage Cocktail 4 | |||
USDA-FSIS 380-94 | O157:H7 | 8.6 ± 0.1 | - | 0.19 3 | 1.0 | + | 1.0 |
CDC 96-3258 | O45:H2 | 8.3 ± 0.1 | + | 0.08 | - | + | 0.5 |
CDC 90-3128 | O103:H2 | 8.4 ± 0.5 | + | 1.0 | 0.42 | 0.25 | 1.0 |
JB1-95 | O111:H- | 9.1 ± 0.1 | 1.0 | - | - | 0.29 | 3.3 |
CDC 97-3068 | O121:H19 | 6.7 ± 0.1 | - | - | - | 0.08 | 0.01 |
STEC Isolate 1. | Sero-ID | Phages | Water | Control | Phage:Host MOI 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
USDA-FSIS 380-94 | O157:H7 | 5.6 ± 0.2B 2 | 6.1 ± 0.2A | 6.1 ± 0.3A | 11.2 |
CDC 96-3258 | O45:H2 | 5.8 ± 0.1AB | 5.9 ± 0.1AB | 5.8 ± 0.2AB | 47.3 |
CDC 90-3128 | O103:H2 | 5.2 ± 0.4C | 6.0 ± 0.2A | 5.9 ± 0.2AB | 15.6 |
JB1-95 | O111:H- | 5.9 ± 0.1A | 5.9 ± 0.2AB | 6.0 ± 0.2A | 41.7 |
CDC 97-3068 | O121:H19 | 4.7 ± 0.3D | 5.1 ± 0.1C | 5.1 ± 0.2C | 2.2 |
Pooled Standard Error = 0.07 |
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Tolen, T.N.; Xie, Y.; Hairgrove, T.B.; Gill, J.J.; Taylor, T.M. Evaluation of Commercial Prototype Bacteriophage Intervention Designed for Reducing O157 and Non-O157 Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) on Beef Cattle Hide. Foods 2018, 7, 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods7070114
Tolen TN, Xie Y, Hairgrove TB, Gill JJ, Taylor TM. Evaluation of Commercial Prototype Bacteriophage Intervention Designed for Reducing O157 and Non-O157 Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) on Beef Cattle Hide. Foods. 2018; 7(7):114. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods7070114
Chicago/Turabian StyleTolen, Tamra N., Yicheng Xie, Thomas B. Hairgrove, Jason J. Gill, and T. Matthew Taylor. 2018. "Evaluation of Commercial Prototype Bacteriophage Intervention Designed for Reducing O157 and Non-O157 Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) on Beef Cattle Hide" Foods 7, no. 7: 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods7070114