Next Article in Journal
Multi-Component Botanical Crude Extracts Improve Egg and Meat Quality in Late-Laying Hens Through Gut Microbiota Modulation
Previous Article in Journal
Dynamics of Lactic Acid Bacteria Dominance in Sour Bamboo Shoot Fermentation: Roles of Interspecies Interactions and Organic Acid Stress
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Foods
Volume 14
Issue 20
10.3390/foods14203482
foods-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Optimization of EPA-Nattokinase Nanoemulsions Processed by High-Pressure Homogenization to Enhance Stability and Thrombolytic Efficacy

by
Jiaxing Wang
1,2,
Shanshan Xu
1,2,
Liang Chen
1,2,
Pingan Zheng
2,
Ru Song
1,
Yan Song
1,
Jipeng Sun
2,* and
Bin Zhang
1,*
1
School of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
2
Research Office of Marine Biological Resources Utilization and Development, Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2025, 14(20), 3482; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14203482 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 17 September 2025 / Revised: 7 October 2025 / Accepted: 10 October 2025 / Published: 12 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Food Physics and (Bio)Chemistry)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

This study leverages nanoemulsion technology to engineer a novel liquid formulation combining Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Nattokinase (NK), aiming to enhance their application potential in functional foods. Both EPA and NK are well recognized for their pronounced anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering properties, which are critical for the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases. However, their practical application in functional foods is hampered by inadequate gastrointestinal stability and suboptimal bioavailability. Here, an EPA-NK nanoemulsion was fabricated using high-pressure homogenization technology. We systematically evaluated its environmental stability, anti-thrombotic activity, and intervention efficacy against carrageenan-induced black-tail thrombosis. The results demonstrated that the nanoemulsion not only enhanced the potential for oral bioavailability based on in vitro stability and preliminary in vivo efficacy trends of EPA and NK but also notably potentiated their synergistic anti-thrombotic efficacy, thereby providing robust theoretical and technical support for the development of next-generation health-promoting functional foods targeting thrombotic disorders.
Keywords: nanoemulsion; EPA; synergistic delivery; thrombosis prevention nanoemulsion; EPA; synergistic delivery; thrombosis prevention

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, J.; Xu, S.; Chen, L.; Zheng, P.; Song, R.; Song, Y.; Sun, J.; Zhang, B. Optimization of EPA-Nattokinase Nanoemulsions Processed by High-Pressure Homogenization to Enhance Stability and Thrombolytic Efficacy. Foods 2025, 14, 3482. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14203482

AMA Style

Wang J, Xu S, Chen L, Zheng P, Song R, Song Y, Sun J, Zhang B. Optimization of EPA-Nattokinase Nanoemulsions Processed by High-Pressure Homogenization to Enhance Stability and Thrombolytic Efficacy. Foods. 2025; 14(20):3482. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14203482

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Jiaxing, Shanshan Xu, Liang Chen, Pingan Zheng, Ru Song, Yan Song, Jipeng Sun, and Bin Zhang. 2025. "Optimization of EPA-Nattokinase Nanoemulsions Processed by High-Pressure Homogenization to Enhance Stability and Thrombolytic Efficacy" Foods 14, no. 20: 3482. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14203482

APA Style

Wang, J., Xu, S., Chen, L., Zheng, P., Song, R., Song, Y., Sun, J., & Zhang, B. (2025). Optimization of EPA-Nattokinase Nanoemulsions Processed by High-Pressure Homogenization to Enhance Stability and Thrombolytic Efficacy. Foods, 14(20), 3482. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14203482

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Article metric data becomes available approximately 24 hours after publication online.
Back to TopTop