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Article

Physicochemical, Nutritional, and Antioxidant Properties of Traditionally Fermented Thai Vegetables: A Promising Functional Plant-Based Food

by
Wanida Pan-utai
1,*,†,
Sarn Settachaimongkon
2,†,
Orawan La-ongkham
1,
Soisuda Pornpukdeewattana
3,
Marisa Hamwane
3,
Chalantorn Lorpeunge
3,
Masnavee Adame
3 and
Charisa Yodbumprenge
3
1
Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
2
Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
3
School of Food Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Authors contributed equally to the work and share first authorship.
Foods 2024, 13(17), 2848; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172848
Submission received: 13 August 2024 / Revised: 4 September 2024 / Accepted: 6 September 2024 / Published: 8 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Traditional Fermented Food: Physicochemical, Sensory, Flavor, and Microbial Characteristics)
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Abstract

Fermented plant-based products were gathered from various regions in Thailand and categorized into 10 types of traditional commercial vegetables. Different vegetable materials and natural fermentation methods influence the diverse physical, chemical, nutritional, and functional attributes of the products. All the traditionally fermented Thai vegetable samples collected showed physicochemical properties associated with the fermentation process, contributing to the nutritional and functional quality of the final products. Achieving consistent research results is challenging due to the intricate nature of food matrices and biochemical processes during fermentation. The roles of microorganisms, especially probiotics, are crucial in delivering health benefits through fermented foods. Traditionally fermented Thai vegetable foods contain high levels of total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and salinity in pickled shallot and ginger as a result of the natural fermentation process and the ingredients used. The research findings were confirmed using a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)-derived dendrogram pattern. The nutritional compositions, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities varied among the different types of vegetables. The correlations among lipid, protein, fiber, total soluble solid (TSSs), total titratable acidity (TTA), and salinity as potential biomarkers in fermented vegetable products were examined. The results suggest that traditionally fermented Thai vegetable products significantly impacted food research by enhancing the quality and preserving the authenticity of traditionally fermented Thai vegetables.
Keywords: indigenous food; fermentation; diversity; functionality; authenticity indigenous food; fermentation; diversity; functionality; authenticity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pan-utai, W.; Settachaimongkon, S.; La-ongkham, O.; Pornpukdeewattana, S.; Hamwane, M.; Lorpeunge, C.; Adame, M.; Yodbumprenge, C. Physicochemical, Nutritional, and Antioxidant Properties of Traditionally Fermented Thai Vegetables: A Promising Functional Plant-Based Food. Foods 2024, 13, 2848. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172848

AMA Style

Pan-utai W, Settachaimongkon S, La-ongkham O, Pornpukdeewattana S, Hamwane M, Lorpeunge C, Adame M, Yodbumprenge C. Physicochemical, Nutritional, and Antioxidant Properties of Traditionally Fermented Thai Vegetables: A Promising Functional Plant-Based Food. Foods. 2024; 13(17):2848. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172848

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pan-utai, Wanida, Sarn Settachaimongkon, Orawan La-ongkham, Soisuda Pornpukdeewattana, Marisa Hamwane, Chalantorn Lorpeunge, Masnavee Adame, and Charisa Yodbumprenge. 2024. "Physicochemical, Nutritional, and Antioxidant Properties of Traditionally Fermented Thai Vegetables: A Promising Functional Plant-Based Food" Foods 13, no. 17: 2848. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172848

APA Style

Pan-utai, W., Settachaimongkon, S., La-ongkham, O., Pornpukdeewattana, S., Hamwane, M., Lorpeunge, C., Adame, M., & Yodbumprenge, C. (2024). Physicochemical, Nutritional, and Antioxidant Properties of Traditionally Fermented Thai Vegetables: A Promising Functional Plant-Based Food. Foods, 13(17), 2848. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172848

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