Smartphone-Based Quantitative Detection of Ochratoxin A in Wheat via a Lateral Flow Assay
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Reagents
2.2. Apparatus
2.3. Development of the POCT Portable Reader
2.4. Preparation of the Anti-OTA Monoclonal Antibody
2.5. Conjugation of OTA mAb and Eu-Nanospheres (EuNPs)
2.6. Characterization of the mAb@Eu-Nanospheres
2.7. iPOCT Assembly
2.8. Preparation of the Running Buffer
2.9. Sample Treatment
2.10. Validation of the POCT
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Optimization of mAb@Eu-Nanospheres
3.2. Optimization of iPOCT
3.3. Procedure of the iPOCT
3.4. Validation of the POCT
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Monitor Ion | Mode | Precursor Ion | Production | Dwell Time (ms) | Q1 (V) | CE | Q3 (V) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[M + H]+ | ESI+ | 404.1 | 239.0 | 100 | −12 | −23 | −18 |
404.1 | 358.0 | 100 | −12 | −16 | −26 |
Fapas QC Naterial Data Sheet | Matrix | Weight/Volume of Contents | Analyte | Assigned Value Xa | Range for |Z| ≤ 2 | Units | No. of Data Points Producing Xa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T17131QC | Wheat | 55 g | Ochratoxin A | 1.66 | 0.85–2.43 | μg/kg | 44 |
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Sample | OTA Spiked Level (ng/mL) | OTA Found (ng/mL) | RSD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
UPLC-MS/MS | iPOCT | |||
0.1 | 0.096 | 0.112 | 9.1 | |
0.5 | 0.501 | 0.487 | 5.4 | |
Wheat | 1 | 1.022 | 1.028 | 6.7 |
1.5 | 1.503 | 1.507 | 4.7 | |
2 | 2.030 | 2.057 | 3.6 |
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Tian, Y.; Hu, X.; Jiang, J.; Tang, X.; Tian, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Li, P. Smartphone-Based Quantitative Detection of Ochratoxin A in Wheat via a Lateral Flow Assay. Foods 2023, 12, 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030431
Tian Y, Hu X, Jiang J, Tang X, Tian Z, Zhang Z, Li P. Smartphone-Based Quantitative Detection of Ochratoxin A in Wheat via a Lateral Flow Assay. Foods. 2023; 12(3):431. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030431
Chicago/Turabian StyleTian, Yunxin, Xiaofeng Hu, Jun Jiang, Xiaoqian Tang, Zhiquan Tian, Zhaowei Zhang, and Peiwu Li. 2023. "Smartphone-Based Quantitative Detection of Ochratoxin A in Wheat via a Lateral Flow Assay" Foods 12, no. 3: 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030431