The Effects of Genotype × Environment on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties and Differences of Volatile Organic Compounds of Three Rice Types (Oryza sativa L.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Rice Samples
2.2. Chemicals
2.3. Apparent Amylose Content
2.4. Protein Content
2.5. Gel Consistency
2.6. Alkali Spreading Value
2.7. Pasting Viscosity
2.8. Sensory Evaluation
2.9. Characteristic Volatile Organic Compounds
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Genotype × Environment Effects on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties
3.2. Correlation Analysis
3.3. Principal Component Analysis
3.4. Volatile Organic Compounds
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Genotype | Environment | Genotype × Environment | |
---|---|---|---|
df | 5 | 9 | 45 |
AC | 138.44 *** | 2.00 *** | 2.31 *** |
PC | 3.33 *** | 2.07 *** | 0.82 *** |
GC | 63.00 ** | 29.14 | 22.81 |
ASV | 3.39 *** | 0.13 *** | 0.07 *** |
PV | 399,211.89 *** | 57,304.47 *** | 55,995.30 *** |
TV | 173,974.05 *** | 17,034.43 *** | 23,336.27 *** |
FV | 631,332.05 *** | 26,787.22 *** | 32,768.32 *** |
BD | 688,496.63 *** | 14,815.58 *** | 22,161.57 *** |
SB | 1,395,159.39 *** | 24,517.35 *** | 48,816.35 *** |
CS | 635,183.62 *** | 9858.24 *** | 11,318.54 *** |
SBr | 0.27 *** | 0.01 *** | 0.01 *** |
Stab | 0.08 *** | 0.00 | 0.00 *** |
PTime | 0.77 *** | 0.01 * | 0.02 *** |
PT | 69.44 *** | 7.21 *** | 5.10 *** |
SCR | 92.92 | 111.76 * | 98.60 *** |
ACR | 321.33 *** | 51.33 | 57.94 ** |
PCR | 351.72 *** | 58.51 | 77.48 |
TCR | 97.13 | 41.38 | 44.22 |
TCCR | 207.16 *** | 62.93 | 98.04 *** |
SEV | 168.82 *** | 32.15 | 39.54 *** |
PV (cP) | TV (cP) | FV (cP) | BD (cP) | SB (cP) | CS (cP) | PTime (secs) | PT (°C) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genotype | ||||||||
HZY261 | 2470.5 ± 156.3 b | 1641.8 ± 118.6 bc | 2711.3 ± 187.3 a | 828.7 ± 123.0 b | 240.8 ± 224.8 b | 1069.5 ± 128.2 a | 5.98 ± 0.14 c | 88.41 ± 1.20 b |
ZZY8 | 2453.7 ± 190.2 b | 1508.1 ± 82.4 d | 2380.6 ± 117.5 c | 945.6 ± 127.7 a | –73.1 ± 193.1 d | 872.5 ± 98.7 c | 5.82 ± 0.08 d | 86.54 ± 1.85 c |
JFY2 | 2548.7 ± 177.9 ab | 1611.0 ± 102.7 c | 2581.6 ± 102.2 b | 937.8 ± 100.8 a | 32.9 ± 133.0 c | 970.7 ± 46.3 b | 5.83 ± 0.05 d | 86.96 ± 1.39 c |
YY15 | 2636.3 ± 144.0 a | 1691.6 ± 104.0 ab | 2628.6 ± 94.7 b | 944.7 ± 69.1 a | –7.8 ± 83.3 cd | 937.0 ± 32.3 b | 5.93 ± 0.08 c | 85.02 ± 2.25 d |
JHX1 | 2222.6 ± 154.7 c | 1757.9 ± 109.1 a | 2737.1 ± 93.6 a | 464.7 ± 103.3 c | 514.6 ± 103.3 a | 979.2 ± 45.1 b | 6.35 ± 0.11 a | 89.60 ± 0.97 a |
NJ46 | 2540.0 ± 160.0 ab | 1744.2 ± 124.6 a | 2302.6 ± 134.9 d | 795.8 ± 103.6 b | –237.5 ± 103.8 e | 558.4 ± 22.6 d | 6.08 ± 0.08 b | 84.86 ± 2.53 d |
Environment | ||||||||
E1 | 2569.8 ± 237.8 a | 1692.8 ± 113.6 ab | 2588.5 ± 211.3 ab | 877.0 ± 233.9 a | 18.8 ± 337.6 b | 895.8 ± 180.7 b | 5.96 ± 0.20 a | 85.98 ± 2.91 bc |
E2 | 2418.5 ± 174.2 bc | 1629.5 ± 183.7 ab | 2523.8 ± 118.2 ab | 789.0 ± 167.7 a | 105.3 ± 215.3 ab | 894.3 ± 142.9 b | 6.01 ± 0.24 a | 87.47 ± 1.36 ab |
E3 | 2551.1 ± 162.8 ab | 1683.6 ± 74.0 ab | 2582.0 ± 191.1 ab | 867.5 ± 198.2 a | 30.9 ± 292.2 ab | 898.4 ± 201.2 b | 5.96 ± 0.22 a | 86.75 ± 1.92 a–c |
E4 | 2393.4 ± 147.5 c | 1603.3 ± 153.2 b | 2476.5 ± 231.5 b | 790.2 ± 82.5 a | 83.1 ± 151.6 ab | 873.3 ± 173.1 b | 5.97 ± 0.18 a | 87.86 ± 1.10 a |
E5 | 2396.3 ± 149.4 c | 1614.1 ± 107.2 b | 2511.5 ± 157.1 ab | 782.3 ± 185.9 a | 115.2 ± 252.5 ab | 897.4 ± 163.3 b | 6.04 ± 0.20 a | 87.24 ± 2.64 ab |
E6 | 2435.3 ± 210.7 a–c | 1644.4 ± 124.2 ab | 2607.6 ± 138.3 a | 790.9 ± 167.5 a | 172.3 ± 329.9 a | 963.2 ± 224.1 a | 5.98 ± 0.13 a | 87.71 ± 1.82 a |
E7 | 2487.3 ± 166.9 a–c | 1665.8 ± 169.0 ab | 2570.8 ± 188.1 ab | 821.4 ± 182.6 a | 83.5 ± 225.8 ab | 904.9 ± 156.3 ab | 6.02 ± 0.24 a | 86.31 ± 2.01 a–c |
E8 | 2543.5 ± 287.7 ab | 1692.4 ± 66.4 ab | 2611.3 ± 229.0 a | 851.1 ± 299.2 a | 67.8 ± 459.7 ab | 918.8 ± 234.2 ab | 5.98 ± 0.21 a | 85.59 ± 4.56 c |
E9 | 2545.8 ± 221.4 ab | 1718.3 ± 198.2 a | 2587.4 ± 343.7 ab | 827.5 ± 219.8 a | 41.7 ± 288.1 ab | 869.2 ± 174.7 b | 6.01 ± 0.22 a | 86.57 ± 2.46 a–c |
E10 | 2445.3 ± 231.9 a–c | 1646.8 ± 103.5 ab | 2510.1 ± 176.3 ab | 798.5 ± 234.9 a | 64.8 ± 242.5 ab | 863.3 ± 159.9 b | 6.03 ± 0.22 a | 87.49 ± 1.56 ab |
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Yu, J.; Zhu, D.; Zheng, X.; Shao, L.; Fang, C.; Yan, Q.; Zhang, L.; Qin, Y.; Shao, Y. The Effects of Genotype × Environment on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties and Differences of Volatile Organic Compounds of Three Rice Types (Oryza sativa L.). Foods 2023, 12, 3108. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12163108
Yu J, Zhu D, Zheng X, Shao L, Fang C, Yan Q, Zhang L, Qin Y, Shao Y. The Effects of Genotype × Environment on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties and Differences of Volatile Organic Compounds of Three Rice Types (Oryza sativa L.). Foods. 2023; 12(16):3108. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12163108
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Jing, Dawei Zhu, Xin Zheng, Liangliang Shao, Changyun Fang, Qing Yan, Linping Zhang, Yebo Qin, and Yafang Shao. 2023. "The Effects of Genotype × Environment on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties and Differences of Volatile Organic Compounds of Three Rice Types (Oryza sativa L.)" Foods 12, no. 16: 3108. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12163108