Clotting and Proteolytic Activity of Freeze-Dried Crude Extracts Obtained from Wild Thistles Cynara humilis L. and Onopordum platylepis Murb.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Freeze-Dried Enzymatic Extract Preparation
2.2. Characterisation of Thistle Extracts
2.2.1. Total Protein Content
2.2.2. Mineral Content
2.2.3. Milk Clotting Activity Assay
2.2.4. Proteolytic Activity
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Total Protein Content
3.2. Mineral Content
3.3. Milk Clotting Activity Assay
3.3.1. Effect of Thistle Species and Extract Concentration
3.3.2. Effect of Thistle Species and Temperature
3.3.3. Effect of Thistle Species and pH
3.3.4. Effect of Thistle Species and CaCl2
3.4. Proteolytic Activity and MCA/PA Ratio
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Minerals | Species | |
---|---|---|
CH | OP | |
Ca | 346.1 ± 2.3 a | 330.7 ± 4.1 b |
P | 638.9 ± 7.6 b | 778.1 ± 13.3 a |
Na | 77.3 ± 3.4 a | 73.6 ± 1.5 a |
K | 7577.7± 156.2 a | 5918.6 ± 86.4 b |
Mg | 393.3 ± 0.4 a | 311.1 ± 1.4 b |
Zn | 3.2 ± 0.1 a | 2.5 ± 0.1 b |
Mn | 2.0 ± 0.0 b | 2.2 ± 0.1 a |
[Extract] (mg/mL) | MCA/PA 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|
CC | CH | OP | |
5 | 3.2740 | 2.7359 | 1.8765 |
10 | 3.3861 | 3.2477 | 2.5854 |
20 | 4.3226 | 6.0250 | 3.4263 |
30 | 7.3651 | 7.0204 | 4.6564 |
40 | 7.7977 | 7.2768 | 3.5884 |
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Bande-De León, C.; Buendía-Moreno, L.; Abellán, A.; Manzi, P.; Al Mohandes Dridi, B.; Essaidi, I.; Aquilanti, L.; Tejada, L. Clotting and Proteolytic Activity of Freeze-Dried Crude Extracts Obtained from Wild Thistles Cynara humilis L. and Onopordum platylepis Murb. Foods 2023, 12, 2325. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12122325
Bande-De León C, Buendía-Moreno L, Abellán A, Manzi P, Al Mohandes Dridi B, Essaidi I, Aquilanti L, Tejada L. Clotting and Proteolytic Activity of Freeze-Dried Crude Extracts Obtained from Wild Thistles Cynara humilis L. and Onopordum platylepis Murb. Foods. 2023; 12(12):2325. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12122325
Chicago/Turabian StyleBande-De León, Cindy, Laura Buendía-Moreno, Adela Abellán, Pamela Manzi, Bouthaina Al Mohandes Dridi, Ismahen Essaidi, Lucia Aquilanti, and Luis Tejada. 2023. "Clotting and Proteolytic Activity of Freeze-Dried Crude Extracts Obtained from Wild Thistles Cynara humilis L. and Onopordum platylepis Murb." Foods 12, no. 12: 2325. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12122325